Comparative Study of the Lipid Profiles of Oils from Kernels of Peanut, Babassu, Coconut, Castor and Grape by GC-FID and Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

The characterization of the lipid profiles of oils extracted from the kernel of seeds and nuts of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), babassu (Attalea speciosa), coconut (Cocos nucifera), castor (Ricinus communis) and grape (Vitis vinifera) was performed by using Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Chromatographic analyses showed that coconut and babassu oils are composed essentially by saturated fatty acids (SFA), whereas the others are composed mainly by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). The comparison of commercial and homemade castor oils showed the former have a lower level of ricinoleic acid at ca. 58%. Spectroscopic analyses of three distinct castor oils showed their profiles could be differentiated by marker features ascribed to carbonyl modes which were correlated with storage time. The comparison between the Raman spectra of standard samples of fatty acids with the samples of oils allowed the assignment of the spectroscopic features and the characterization of marker bands for the degree of unsaturation.

Rapid characterization of hypanthium and seed in wild and cultivated rosehip: application of Raman microscopy combined with multivariate analysis

“…p -coumaric acid) [ 25 , 43 , 59 , 61 ], a negative medium-intensity signal in the region from 570–650 cm −1 assigned to bending of C–C–C, C–C–O of carbohydrates [ 48 ] and a lower intensity variable at approximately 1130 cm −1 , indicating the presence of coniferyl aldehyde [ 55 , 61 , 62 ]. The loading indicated the presence of C-H bending [ 25 , 37 ] which are involved in the unsaturation moieties of unsaturated fatty acids [ 63 ].…”

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“…Though palmitic acid is not safer (booster of invivo cancers), the retinyl palmitate form is useful and increase the stability of vitamin A 113 . Palmitic acid is found to be the antioxidant compound of Mesua fera 103 . The chemical compounds dealt above endowed in abhaya variety and which also showed significant quantitative variations between Saudi Arabia and Turkey 112 , scientifically validate the Indian traditional claims (bio-geo types).…”

“…Main constituents found in TCFs like hexadecanoic acid (methyl silylester palmitic acid (PA) 100 ), linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA) (Zhang X et al, 1997) 101 and others like furfurals, tetradecanoic acid (Dattatraya G. Naik et al, 2010) can be attributed to the effect on eye. The first three essential fatty acids (EFAs) are also the main components in aniseed 102 and in sufficient quantities in the range of moderate (maximum around 40%) and minimum (10-20%) especially in Castor (apart from ricinoleic acid) [103][104][105] (walnut) 106,107 , purple fleabane 108 (used in lunacy) and also in Lady's finger 109 , Sphaeranthus sp. 110 (S. indicus and S. amaranthoides used in mental illness and detoxification of Mercury, the mercurial toxicity also causes lunatic behavior) 111 , (Fenugreek) 112 all of which are good for brain, memory and eye diseases.…”

Chemical Characterization of Rosa canina L. Rosehip Seed: Application of Raman Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography

“…The predominant fatty acids detected in the rosehip seeds are unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (linolenic, linoleic and oleic), with the highest percentage of linoleic acid [2] and a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (palmitic and stearic) [9]. In the Raman spectra of linolenic, linoleic and oleic acid, there are three or two broad C=C bonds with higher wavenumbers [17]. These acids mainly differ in the position of the double bond; consequently, their Raman spectra are highly similar [18].…”