2009
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0365
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Abstract: The detection of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in ground water and surface-water bodies has raised concerns about the possible ecological impacts of these compounds on nontarget organisms. On-site wastewater treatment systems represent a potentially significant route of entry for organic contaminants to the environment. In this study, effluent samples were collected and analyzed from conventional septic systems and from systems using advanced treatment technologies. Six of 13… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Additional studies investigated various strategies for efficient removal and transformation of pharmaceuticals using advanced treatment employing processes of chemical [32,[40][41][42][43], biological [44][45][46][47] and physical nature [48,49]. Since not all pharmaceuticals present in sewage are the result of intentional intake, metabolism and excretion, some researchers have investigated the composition of wastewaters from the pharmaceutical industry [50], and healthcare facilities [51], as well as the importance of disposal of unwanted or leftover pharmaceuticals into sanitary sewers [1,2,[52][53][54][55][56].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additional studies investigated various strategies for efficient removal and transformation of pharmaceuticals using advanced treatment employing processes of chemical [32,[40][41][42][43], biological [44][45][46][47] and physical nature [48,49]. Since not all pharmaceuticals present in sewage are the result of intentional intake, metabolism and excretion, some researchers have investigated the composition of wastewaters from the pharmaceutical industry [50], and healthcare facilities [51], as well as the importance of disposal of unwanted or leftover pharmaceuticals into sanitary sewers [1,2,[52][53][54][55][56].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eshraghi and Callaway (1996) concluded that the septic collective discharge in the city contributed to nutrient transport that supported a fecal coliform bacteria outbreak at the Lake Havasu shoreline in 1994. PECs in septic tank wastewater drain fields and adjacent aquifers have been documented by Hinkle et al (2005), Godfrey et al (2007), and Wilcox et al (2009). The similarity of constituent concentrations detected consistently at both untreated surface water sample localities in this study suggests this contribution may not be significant.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 48%
“…The difference in caffeine and paraxanthine concentrations between the Wolfville and Windsor STPs is not unusual. In septic treatment systems, the ratio of caffeine to paraxanthine is known to vary over a wide range between different treatment methods (Wilcox et al 2009). Despite the discrepancy, both caffeine and paraxanthine are psychoactive central nervous system stimulants with comparable potencies (Orrú et al 2013).…”
Section: )mentioning
confidence: 99%