Synthesis, characterization and utilization of a new series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives to neutralize some toxic activities of Bothrops jararaca snake venom

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, after 2017, snakebite envenoming was classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), affecting at least 5 million people annually worldwide, with 140,000 deaths and 400,000 morbidities (Ren et al., 2019;Williams et al., 2019a;2019b). However, it is known that this number of cases is underestimated. Brazil has been greatly affected by snake envenomation, with approximately 30,000 accidents and 150 deaths annually. The Bothrops genus is responsible for 90 % of the official registered cases, of which, B. jararaca is the most medically important snake species (Chippaux, 2017;Frare et al., 2019). B. jararaca is found in regions from southern Bahia to northern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil as well as nearby in Argentina or Paraguay. This snake can reach up to 1.5 m in length and displays some biological functions benefitting the environment, such as population control of rodents. 6 B. jararaca venom is composed of a variety of proteins that produce many toxic effects in victims, such as pain, inflammation, edema, hemorrhaging, skeletal muscle damage, intravascular