Correlation between rheological properties and capillary fixation for modelling creams

Abstract

The Brazilian male beauty market occupies the second place in world consumption of cosmetics. Among the numerous products consumed by such audience is the capillary fixation mask, which is mainly composed by fixatives. These additives act on stabilizing the cosmetic emulsion, protecting the hair against moisture and also increasing the intensity of hair fixation. In this work, three formulations for modelling creams were prepared by different concentrations of the fixatives Styleze TM W20 and PVP K90 and their properties characterized by physicochemical, rheological and sensory analysis. The capillary masks produced were stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with uniform droplets of 2.05-2.82 μm sizes and pseudoplastic thixotropic behavior (0.19 < n < 0.26). It was possible to correlate the increased concentration of PVP K90 to a greater thixotropy and an improved yarn fixation, despite the worsening in the spreadability of the formulations. These results suggest properly conducted rheological measurements can contribute to the prediction of the emulsion's sensory properties, which can save time and funds on the development of new cosmetics.

Rheology, curing and time‐dependent behavior of epoxy/carbon nanoparticles systems

“…This behavior is influenced by phenomena such as Brownian motion or inter‐particle interactions, which induce relative motion among particles. Interestingly, as the flow rate decreases or comes to a halt, the microstructure has the capacity to reconstitute itself and, in some instances, even evolve into a space‐filling structural network 20,40 . The consistent reduction in apparent viscosities can also be attributed to the heightened alignment of the constituent macromolecules as the flow progresses.…”

“…Interestingly, as the flow rate decreases or comes to a halt, the microstructure has the capacity to reconstitute itself and, in some instances, even evolve into a space-filling structural network. 20,40 The consistent reduction in apparent viscosities can also be attributed to the heightened alignment of the constituent macromolecules as the flow progresses. In simpler terms, when a suspension is subjected to flow, the particles tend to move further apart in the direction perpendicular to the flow and closer together in the direction of flow.…”

“…Many authors attribute changes in reaction behavior due to an increase or decrease in the steric hindrance effect, or to a change in thermal conductivity of the medium that would cause viscosity reduction 19 . The viscosity change of the medium is a function of particle‐particle and particle‐polymer interactions, which also reflect on the distribution and dispersion of particles in the medium 20 …”

“…19 The viscosity change of the medium is a function of particle-particle and particle-polymer interactions, which also reflect on the distribution and dispersion of particles in the medium. 20 Dispersion is critical in obtaining a homogeneous suspension and can be adjusted by specific particle modifications. Considering that commercially available CNT and GN particles most likely have defects in the form of residual oxygen and hydrogen-containing groups, some influence on the curing of resin systems with these carbonaceous particles.…”