Oxidative stress and histopathologic biomarkers of exposure to bisphenol-A in the freshwater fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella

Abstract

Bisphenol-A (BPA) belongs to the family of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and it is used in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. The reproductive toxicity of BPA is well documented but it also exerts its toxic effects through multiple pathways especially by inducing a state of oxidative stress and causing damage to the vital organs. In the present study, histopathologic and oxidative damage caused by BPA in liver and kidneys of fresh water cyprinid, Ctenopharyngodon idella was evaluated. LC 50 of BPA for Ctenopharyngodon idella was determined by probit regression analysis. Fish were exposed to a sublethal concentration of BPA i.e. 3.2 ppm (1/2 LC 50 ) for 14 days. Histologic studies revealed that BPA caused degenerative changes in liver and kidneys and exposure of sublethal concentration of BPA caused oxidative damage in both organs. Lipid peroxidation significantly increased in liver and kidneys of treated group. Catalase activity and reduced glutathione content significantly decreased in the group exposed to BPA compared to control and glutathione-S-transferase activity increased significantly in both organs exposed to the sublethal concentration of BPA. From this study it is concluded that BPA caused toxic effects in fish species by changing oxidative balance and damaging the vital organs.

Bisphenol-A induced antioxidants imbalance and cytokines alteration leading to immune suppression during larval development of Labeo rohita

“…Woo et al (2014) reported increase in GST activity in Oryzias javanicus after exposure to BPA in sea water. Activity of GST also increased in kidney and liver of grass carp after exposure to 3 mg/l of BPA (Faheem and Lone 2017). Increased activity of GST was also reported in pearl mullet hepatocytes after exposure to BPA (Kaya and Kaptaner 2016).…”

“…Supernatant was collected and absorbance was recorded at 532 nm. Glutathione was quantified by using the method of Jollow et al (1974) as described by Faheem and Lone (2017). Briefly, PMS was incubated with equal volume of 4% sulphosalicylic acid and incubated at 4°C for 60 min.…”

“…Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were reported to cause hemato-biochemical changes, oxidative stress, hormonal disruption and modulate immune system in fish (Mekkawy et al 2010;Faheem and Lone 2017;Sayed et al , 2019Faheem et al 2019). EDCs interfere with the hormone synthesis, their receptors, and cause disruption of normal hormone levels in the body (Bhandari et al 2015).…”

Study of Oxidative Stress and Histo-Biochemical Biomarkers of Diethyl Phthalate Induced Toxicity in a Cultureable Fish, Labeo rohita

“…During this period water was replaced daily and fresh toxicant was added for 96 h. Fish were monitored at regular intervals and mortality data was recorded. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of DEP for 96 hours was calculated using probit regression analysis (Faheem and Lone, 2017). The experiment was conducted following OECD standardized guidelines for semi-static bioassays.…”

“…While, the other portion of homogenate was used for estimating the levels of tissue lipid peroxidation. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxidative stress assays (CAT, GST, GSH and LPO) were performed by following the protocol of Faheem and Lone (2017). The GPx assay was performed by following the protocol of Mohandas et al (1984).…”