Cluster and simultaneity of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adolescents of Southeast Brazil

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the cluster of the five major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their associated factors and to identify patterns of concurrency of modifiable obesogenic risk factors associated with overweight in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A survey was conducted (2015) with 1,055 (boys, n = 475; girls, n = 580) high school (public and private schools) adolescents (14-20 years old) in a medium-sized city in Southeast Brazil. The observed prevalence ratio (O) for the expected (E) risk factors (smoking, alcohol, insufficient physical activity, sedentary behavior, and poor diet) greater than one (O/E > 1) was considered as a cluster. We use multinomial and binary logistic regressions (stratified by sex) in the analyzes. Results: Almost 30% of adolescents had three or more risk factors (no factor = 5.4%). The five risk factors tended to cluster in boys (O/E = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.6-3.5). In both sexes, smoking and alcohol consumption persisted in O/E > 1 ratio. Conclusions: Boys showed a consistent pattern of association for risk factors. Overweight was associated with pairs of obesogenic risk factors in both sexes. The results indicate the need for health interventions that consider the cluster and the simultaneity of risk factors for CVD among Brazilian youth.

Associação entre tempo excessivo frente à TV e índice de massa corporal em adolescentes brasileiros: uma análise de regressão quantílica da PeNSE, 2015

“…De acordo com os autores 5 , fatores cuja ocorrência é concomitante e advindos das alterações do ambiente/ comportamento, ou seja, o elevado consumo calórico, a redução da prática de atividade física e o aumento nas oportunidades de permanecer em comportamentos sedentários são os responsáveis pelo atual "ambiente obesogênico". De fato, fatores ambientais/comportamentais de risco para a obesidade tendem a coexistir e a se agrupar entre os adolescentes 34,35 . Logo, a investigação da ocorrência desses fatores na população mais exposta, como a que o presente estudo identificou, pode contribuir para que medidas de saúde pública se concentrem na proposição de ações para a reversão do quadro epidemiológico de excesso de peso entre adolescentes no Brasil 3,28,29 .…”

Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

“…Clustering of CVD risk factors among young people has been well explored in the literature, with interesting findings in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. [16][17][18][19] However, there is a paucity of information on this subject matter among university students in Nigeria, particularly newly admitted students who will most likely experience a significant change in their lifestyle. Therefore, this study examined the risk factors for CVD and their clustering in first-year undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan.…”