2018
DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180120000006
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Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the influence tramadol on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods: Ten rats were divided into two groups (n = 5). All animals were submitted by a laminectomy and spinal cord injury at eighth thoracic vertebra. In control group, the rats didn't receive any analgesic. In tramadol group, the rats received tramadol 4mg/Kg at 12/12h until 5 days by subcutaneous. Animals were following by fourteen days. Was evaluated the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale (locomotor evaluat… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(10 citation statements)
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References 28 publications
(16 reference statements)
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“…COX inhibitors are a preferred choice for the treatment of SCI in the damaging secondary pathway (79). Ibuprofen and meclofenamate are two common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can be applied to maintain spinal cord blood flow following SCI in an animal model (80,81). The combination of a thromboxane inhibitor with a prostacyclin analogue shows a similar effect (82).…”
Section: Pharmacological Drugs Used For the Treatment Of Sci (Table Imentioning
confidence: 99%
“…COX inhibitors are a preferred choice for the treatment of SCI in the damaging secondary pathway (79). Ibuprofen and meclofenamate are two common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can be applied to maintain spinal cord blood flow following SCI in an animal model (80,81). The combination of a thromboxane inhibitor with a prostacyclin analogue shows a similar effect (82).…”
Section: Pharmacological Drugs Used For the Treatment Of Sci (Table Imentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thirty-five rats (20 cervical and 15 thoracic) were submitted to old anesthetic protocol (OAP) 13 - 15 , with ketamine (K) 70 mg/kg plus xylazine (X) 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, proving to be effective during the operative period without intercurrences, as used in the experimental surgery laboratory 16 , 17 . The other 35 animals (20 cervical and 15 thoracic) were submitted to a new anesthetic protocol (NAP), with ketamine 60 mg/kg, xylazine 8 mg/kg and fentanyl 0.03 mg/kg, intraperitoneal 16 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The animals were followed up by 14 days postoperatively. In all groups, the animals received tramadol hydrochloride 13 4 mg/kg at 12/12 h for up to five days by subcutaneous, and lidocaine topical was used in the incision at 12/12 h also for up to five days. In all groups, enrofloxacin was administrated by subcutaneous at 10 mg/kg once a day until seven days, to prevent meningeal infection.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Facial expressions were found to be reliable pain indicators under several circumstances, including pain induced by chemical irritants in somatic tissues or visceral organs (Langford et al, 2010;Sotocinal et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2015a;Hassan et al, 2017;Herrera et al, 2018), inflammation (e.g. Langford et al, 2010;Sotocinal et al, 2011;De Rantere et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017 and2018), migraine models (Harris et al, 2017;Rea et al, 2018;), spinal cord injury (Schneider et al, 2017;Chaves et al, 2018), and different types of postsurgical pain, e.g. after laparotomy (Langford et al, 2010;Sotocinal et al, 2011;Matsumiya et al, 2012;Kendall et al, 2016;Tuttle et al, 2018), laminectomy (Chaves et al, 2018), castration, or vasectomy (Miller et al, 2016;Dalla Costa et al, 2018).…”
Section: Facial Expressions As a Pain Indicatormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Langford et al, 2010;Sotocinal et al, 2011;De Rantere et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017 and2018), migraine models (Harris et al, 2017;Rea et al, 2018;), spinal cord injury (Schneider et al, 2017;Chaves et al, 2018), and different types of postsurgical pain, e.g. after laparotomy (Langford et al, 2010;Sotocinal et al, 2011;Matsumiya et al, 2012;Kendall et al, 2016;Tuttle et al, 2018), laminectomy (Chaves et al, 2018), castration, or vasectomy (Miller et al, 2016;Dalla Costa et al, 2018). In some of these pain states the grimace scale has been validated for analgesic testing with opioid drugs and NSAIDs during inflammation (Langford et al, 2010;Sotocinal et al, 2011;Leung et al, 2016), postoperative pain (Matsumiya et al, 2012;Kawano et al, 2014 and, and other painful situations (e.g.…”
Section: Facial Expressions As a Pain Indicatormentioning
confidence: 99%