Experimental model for transforaminal endoscopic spine

Abstract

To validate the porcine spine as a model for learning and practicing transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar procedures (TF-PELP). Methods: TF-PELP was performed in three porcine cadaver lumbar spine levels. Anatomical features of the current cadaver were compared to human and porcine spines. Performance and documentation of endoscopic procedures were described. Results: This study shows that this representative animal model reflects anatomical characteristics of the human spine. Transforaminal approaches were successfully completed. Although lower disc heights make disc puncture more difficult, the outside-in technique is feasible and more useful to identify anatomical parameters and to practice different surgical steps and maneuvers. Conclusion: This is an effective and representative model for learning and practicing this procedure. Difficulties of the procedure, as well as the differences compared to the human spine, were described.

Validation of an endoscopic flavectomy training model

“…Few studies have investigated simulated endoscopic procedures of the spine 19 . Most of these studies have not used an objective validation method for their analysis 20,21 .…”

Why Endoscopic Spine Surgery?

“…14 There are many places in the globe where ESS has already become an major surgical option like the aforementioned countries, and at the same time there are many other parts of the globe that are at the beginning of adopting the new technology. 15,16 It is obvious that ESS is a widely accepted and scientifically proven technique for various spinal pathologies, and with advancement of the technique itself and related technology, the use will be more adopted in the near future.…”