The effect of pycnogenol on lymphatic nodes and adhesion during in a peritoneal adhesion model in rats

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effects of pycnogenol on peritoneal adhesions and additionally to investigate the immunohistochemical effects of free oxygen radicals and reactive lymph nodes detected in the adhesive tissue that was sampled surrounding the cecum on intraabdominal adhesions. Methods: Twenty-seven Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups. In group 1 (sham), laparotomy was performed and stitched up. In group 2 (control), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered 2 cc of saline. In group 3 (experimental), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered a sterile Pycnogenol derivative. The rats in all groups were re-laparotomized on postoperative day 7; samples were obtained from the peritoneal tissue surrounding the cecum, and the rats were sacrificed. Results: In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of inflammation, lymph node size, and free oxygen radicals; these parameters tended to increase. In terms of fibrosis evaluated using H&E and MT, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: No positive outcomes indicating that pycnogenol reduces intra-abdominal adhesions were obtained. However, it caused severe inflammation in the tissue. Moreover, a significant increase in lymph node size was detected secondary to inflammation. Additionally, in immunohistochemical analyses conducted to detect oxidative stress, pycnogenol increased the production of free oxygen radicals in the tissue.

The effect of Allium sativum in experimental peritoneal adhesion model in rats

“…Secondary to this, proliferative fibroblasts migrate to this area and accumulate extracellular matrix material that contains collagen that contributes to adhesion formation. Thus, the different mechanical steps, some of which are described above, regulate the healing process and the presence of imbalances in any of them potentially contributes to the development of adhesion 7 , 16 .…”

“…Various drugs, medical agents and surgical techniques have been tried to prevent PPA formation, but there is currently no active and accepted treatment modality. Experimental animal studies are preferred for the studies on prevention of PPAs, mainly because it is difficult and risky to apply to humans, and most of these studies are performed on rats 4 – 7 .…”

“…Inflammation and infection secondary to intraabdominal operations may cause adhesions and may be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of lymphadenopathy secondary to inflammation 7 , 8 . In animal models, many products have shown to reduce postoperative adhesion formation, such as corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, fibrinolytic agents, flotation agents and semisolid barriers and mechanical barriers 8 – 11 .…”

The activity of topical coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) in burned rats: Results from an experimental study

“…Damage to the skin triggers edema and inflammatory cell infiltration (18)(19)(20). This may lead to disruption of the antioxidant balance, damages to cellular proteins and lipids, DNA oxidation, and elevate in the levels of free oxygen radicals at the cellular level (21,22). Based on the most parameters evaluated in the present study, CoQ10 was not superior to silver sulfadiazine.…”

Can pycnogenol prevent cisplatin-induced damage in uterus and ovaries?

“…There are countless experimental studies about pycnogenol. In this literature, the antioxidative effects of pycnogenol have been investigated in various organs and tissues, such as the eye, brain, optic nerve, nasal mucosa, peritoneum, lymph nodes, bones, heart, aorta, kidney, liver and colon in animal models [8,[10][11][12][13][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This literature information suggests that antioxidant drugs might be beneficial in preventing CP-related uterine and ovarian toxicity.…”