Mast cell concentration and skin wound contraction in rats treated with Ximenia americana L

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia amerIcana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product ap-plication). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formalde-hyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Masson's Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial con-traction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software). Results: The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX<GP=GC, p=0.029), as well as with increased con-traction at 7 th and 14 th days, respectively (7 th and 14 th days, GX > GP = GC; p<0.05). Conclusion: Ointment containing 10% X. americana induces a decrease in mast cell concen-tration, at the beginning of the healing process, and promotes early skin wound contraction in rats.

Ointment of Ximenes americana promotes acceleration of wound healing in rats

“…Based on Brasileiro et al 23 findings, when studying new semi-solid dosage forms for Ximenia americana , the hydrocoholic extract does not stabilize on an ointment basis, despite maintaining the odor and dark brown color characteristic of the extract. The Lanette cream preparations, used in this experiment, presented homogeneous appearance throughout the stability study, maintaining the same characteristic odor and color 21 .…”

“…The bases of creams are commonly indicated for the incorporation of extracts in the most varied applicability, among them the Lanette anionic base, which is one of the oldest and most used, made from Lanette cream (cetostearyl alcohol and cetyl stearyl sulfate). The Lanette base is preferred for imparting significant stability to the product 21 . Considering the medical/cosmetic interest the cream can not be irritating, it should not degrade easily and must be compatible with the active principles and with the special additives 27 .…”

“…Sixty adult male rats ( Rattus norvegicus albinus ), ±300g, from the Department of Morphology and Physiology of the UFPE were used in this experiment and the care and procedures used such as: anesthesia,trichotomy,preparation of the Ximenia americana branch extract,preparation of cutaneous lesions, as well as treatment of groups such as ointment application were already described in Castro Souza et al 21 …”

Analysis of the Variability of Therapeutic Indications of Medicinal Species in the Northeast of Brazil: Comparative Study

“…Poincianella pyramidalis has been shown to be a gastroprotector [96] whose mechanism of action involves a reduction of the endogenous hydrogen sulphate content and reduction of the inflammatory process [97]. Although there is no direct evidence for the gastroprotector activity of Ximenia americana and Ziziphus joazeiro , its use by the community for this therapeutic purpose may correlate with its anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing, and antioxidant potential [96, 98, 99]. Studies have shown that Tocoyena formosa has anti-inflammatory [100], antinociceptive [101], and gastroprotective activities [102].…”

Immunomodulatory response of layered small intestinal submucosa in a rat bladder regeneration model

“…For example, Deng and colleagues showed that, in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse model, histamine facilitates macrophage infiltration in acute myocardial infarction . It also has been shown that a decrease in mast cell numbers by topical administration of extracts from Ximenia americana promotes skin wound contraction in a rat cutaneous wound model . Additionally, degranulation of mast cells with release of histamine following implantation of biomaterials (polyethylene terephthalate disks) is important for recruitment and activation of neutrophils and macrophages .…”