Creation of a contusion injury method for skeletal muscle in rats with differing impacts

Dantas, Milla Gabriela Belarmino; Damasceno, Camila Mahara Dias; Barros, Vanessa Raquel Pinto de; Menezes, Eveline Soares; Fontoura, Humberto de Sousa; Lima, Ricardo Santana de; Carvalho, Ferdinando Oliveira; Almeida, Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020170050000006

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The macrophages increase on the second day, reach the peak on the third day, and the fifth day is similar to the third day. 2013; Dantas et al, 2017;Russ et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2019). Furthermore, no reports in the literature have reported the tissue crash time of traditional models to date, but in our study, the tissue crashing time is less than 10 ms, which is certainly much less than that in traditional animal models.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Inflammation, pain, and dysfunction after SMI can lower the quality of life of patients. Mechanical injury accounted for more than half of all SMIs, which can be divided into three categories, strain, contusion, and tear ( Souza and Gottfried, 2013 ), while contusion occupies the largest proportion of all types of SMIs in clinics ( Flores et al, 2018 ; Dantas et al, 2017 ), more than 90% ( Hartmann et al, 2020 ). Contusion is caused by rapid and strong compression force, usually from direct collision or falling, and often occurs in contact sports (such as basketball, football, and handball) ( Cervaens et al, 2018 ; Vidoni et al, 2018 ; Hartmann et al, 2020 ; Ishøi et al, 2020 ) and traffic accidents ( Yan, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on skeletal muscle impact injury using a new rat model from a bioimpact machine

Liao

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Introduction: Skeletal muscle impact injury occurs frequently during sports, falls, and road traffic accidents. From the reported studies on skeletal muscle injury, it is difficult to determine the injury parameters. Therefore, we developed a new model of gastrocnemius impact injury in rats with a bioimpact machine, with which the experimental operation could be conducted in feasibility from the recorded parameters. Through this novel model, we study the skeletal muscle impact injury mechanisms by combining temporal and spatial variation.Methods: The gastrocnemius of anesthetized rats was injured by a small pneumatic-driven bioimpact machine; the moving speed and impact force were determined, and the whole impact process was captured by a high-speed camera. We observed the general condition of rats and measured the changes in injured calf circumference, evaluating calf injuries using MRI, gait analysis system, and pathology at different times after the injury.Results: The gastrocnemius was injured at an impact speed of 6.63 m/s ± 0.25 m/s and a peak force of 1,556.80 N ± 110.79 N. The gait analysis system showed that the footprint area of the RH limb decreased significantly on the first day and then increased. The calf circumference of the injured limb increased rapidly on the first day post-injury and then decreased in the next few days. MRI showed edema of subcutaneous and gastrocnemius on the first day, and the area of edema decreased over the following days. HE staining showed edema of cells, extensive hyperemia of blood vessels, and infiltration of inflammatory cells on the first day. Cell edema was alleviated day by day, but inflammatory cell infiltration was the most on the third day. TEM showed that the sarcoplasmic reticulum was dilated on the first day, the mitochondrial vacuolation was obvious on the second day, and the glycogen deposition was prominent on the fifth day.Conclusion: In our experiment, we developed a new and effective experimental animal model that was feasible to operate; the injured area of the gastrocnemius began to show “map-like” changes in the light microscope on the third day. Meanwhile, the gastrocnemius showed a trend of “edema-mitochondrial vacuolation-inflammatory cell aggregation” after impact injury.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on skeletal muscle impact injury using a new rat model from a bioimpact machine

Liao

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…While the impact forces occurring in animal studies result in considerable disruption to muscle fibres, intramuscular haematoma and inflammation [ 9 ], fractures to the underlying bone have been reported [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 28 ]. Such severe injury may not be surprising given the dropped load typically equates to between 50 and > 100% of the animal’s body weight [ 10 , 22 , 28 , 29 ]; in comparison, the loads used in our study range from 4.7 to 8.7% bodyweight. Additionally, and as an example of why the forces used in animal studies cannot be extrapolated to human contusion injuries, the impact forces occurring in animal studies may be as high as 1216 N per kg bodyweight [ 11 ], compared to a maximum of 9.4 N/kg bodyweight in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

An experimental model of contusion injury in humans

2022

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Introduction Contusion injuries are common in sport, but our knowledge of the responses to injury primarily come from animal studies and research using eccentric exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a model of contusion injury in human participants and, additionally, investigate and compare physiological responses to four impact loads. Methods Thirty-two males were exposed to a single impact of either 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 or 7.2kg, dropped from 67 cm, on to the vastus lateralis of one leg. Maximum voluntary and electrically induced quadriceps force, and pressure pain threshold were measured, and blood sampling carried out, prior to and 30min, 24, 48 and 72h post-impact. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out 24h post-impact to quantify oedema. Results Despite impact force with 7.2kg (1681.4 ± 235.6 N) not being different to 6.2kg (1690.7 ± 117.6 N), 7.2kg resulted in greater volume of oedema, voluntary force loss, pain and elevations in creatine kinase than the other loads. Although electrically induced force changed over time, post-hoc analysis failed to identify any changes. Interleukin-6 and prostaglandin-E2 did not change over time for any of the loads. Significant correlations were found between oedema volume, pressure pain threshold and maximum voluntary contraction force. Conclusions This is the first experimental study to investigate traumatic loading of skeletal muscle and the subsequent physiological responses associated with contusion injuries in humans. The absence of immediate elevations in creatine kinase and changes in electrically induced force suggest impact, with forces similar to those experienced in contact sport, does not cause significant, direct damage to skeletal muscle. However, the relationship between oedema volume, changes in pressure pain threshold and maximum voluntary contraction force suggests central inhibition plays a role in contusion-related muscle dysfunction.

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“…Cedera yang dialami sebagian besar di sebabkan oleh trauma mekanis yang paling sering terjadi pada tungkai bawah. 1…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Efek Suplementasi Selenium terhadap Marker Darah Pasca Cedera Kontusio

Daba

Goenawan

Tarawan

et al. 2021

JKA

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Selenium is a trace element that has antioxidant properties and is a component of selenoproteins. In certain circumstances, such as injury, selenium supplementation is required to regulate the inflammatory response. Contusion injury increases the inflammatory response to a muscle or tissue that begins with vasodilation, increases blood flow, increases vascular permeability, and leads to edema formation at the site of injury. Objectives: To determine the effect of selenium supplementation on changes in blood markers in rats treated with contusion injury. Methods: Experimental design, using experimental male rats (Rattus norwegius), eight weeks old, weighing 200-220 grams, divided into three groups, namely: The Control group, the contusion group, the contusion + Selenium group. Selenium supplementation was given orally on days 1-3 after injury at a dose of 0.0153 mg into 2% PGA. Examination of markers such as White Blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils was carried out on day three after treatment. Results: This study found that the administration of post-muscular selenium supplementation based on examination of blood markers such as WBC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes was higher in the contusion group and lower in the selenium group. Neutrophils were higher in the contusion and selenium groups. This was not significantly different from the control group. The result of blood marker examination tended to change, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Selenium supplementation in post-contusive injury mice did not provide significant changes in blood markers such as WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils.Keywords: antioxidant, blood marker, contusion, selenium

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Creation of a contusion injury method for skeletal muscle in rats with differing impacts

Abstract: The method with the 324-gram mass dropped from a 70-cm height onto the gastrocnemius muscle of rats seems to be the most suitable for the production of muscle injury in these animals after 72 hours, showing an important inflammatory infiltrate.

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Research on skeletal muscle impact injury using a new rat model from a bioimpact machine

Research on skeletal muscle impact injury using a new rat model from a bioimpact machine

An experimental model of contusion injury in humans

Efek Suplementasi Selenium terhadap Marker Darah Pasca Cedera Kontusio

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