“…Not surprisingly, the debate on private security in Brazil focuses on discussions about the political system, as the emergence of private security is often framed as a direct consequence of failed public security and a broken judicial system (Caldeira, 2000). The pervasive presence of private security and technological surveillance is seen as an extension of violence and lack of state regulation (Firmino et al, 2013;Huggins, 2010;Lopes 2014;2017) and excessive use of force by guards (Lopes, 2020). Private security thus is most often examined through an absence prism, as insecurity, as violence, as unregulated action (Abrahamsen;Leander, 2016;Kim et al, 2018).…”