Effect of different vitamin D3 metabolites on intestinal calcium homeostasis-related gene expression in broiler chickens

Abstract

-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D 3 metabolites 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α(OH)D 3 ), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH) 2 D 3 ), and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) on growth performance, bone quality, and intestinal calcium homeostasis-related gene expression in broiler chickens. One-day-old broilers were fed a basal diet and basal diet containing different vitamin D 3 metabolites. The body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in control and experimental broilers were measured to assess the growth performance, mineral levels, and bone breaking strength. The duodenum was used to assess calcium homeostasis-related gene expressions by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. No statistically significant difference was found in growth performance, mineral deposition, or bone breaking strength in broiler chickens after three weeks feeding with vitamin D 3 . However, supplementation of vitamin D 3 metabolites tended to improve feed conversion rate, bone mineral deposition, and breaking strength in broiler chickens. The results demonstrated that vitamin D 3 metabolites significantly upregulated calcium homeostasis-related genes, including calbindin, β-glucuronidase, TRPV6, and Na/Pi IIb cotransporter, mRNA levels after 12 h of feeding. The vitamin D 3 metabolite 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 was the most effective at regulating calcium homeostasis-associated gene expression after 6 h of feeding. Dietary vitamin D3 metabolites may alleviate the development of TD in broiler chickens and these effects probably occur through regulation of intestinal calcium homeostasis-related gene expression.

Enhancing Growth Performance, Organ Development, Meat Quality, and Bone Mineralisation of Broiler Chickens through Multi-Enzyme Super-Dosing in Reduced Energy Diets

“…The right tibia bones of the 72 chickens were defrosted and broken into small pieces using pliers to enable faster drying. The method used for determining bone mineral composition followed the method described by Hsiao and co-workers [15]; however, the defatting of the sample was not performed due to minor differences reported in the bone mineral composition in the tibia samples, which was able to be determined with or without lipid extraction [16]. In addition, the lipid extraction procedure is a rate-limiting step, and the use of chemical solvents has environmental concerns [16].…”

25-Hydroxycholecalciferol As an Alternative to Vitamin D3 in Diets with Different Levels of Calcium for Broilers Reared Under Heat Stress

“…Additionally, during the starter phase, broilers' enzyme systems are not completely mature to perform hydroxylation in the liver, which does not affect the efficiency of already hydroxylated metabolites such as 25(OH)D 3 . Hsiao et al (2018) observed greater expression of calbindin and β-glucuronidase in the duodenum of 21-day-old broilers reared in thermal comfort when fed diets supplemented with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and 25(OH)D 3 , as compared to VitD 3 . In contrast, Vazquez et al (2018) observed no effect on the performance of broilers reared in thermal comfort in the period from 1 to 21 days when fed 25(OH)D 3 associated with VitD 3 .…”

“…Cholecalciferol (D 3 ) is the common way of adding vitamin D 3 to diets. However, it is currently possible to use isoforms or vitamin D 3 metabolites in diets for broilers (Fritts & Waldroup, 2003;Garcia et al, 2013;Han et al, 2016;Hsiao et al, 2018;Tizziani et al, 2019). Following absorption, vitamin D 3 is hydroxylated in the liver, resulting in the formation of the 25(OH) D 3 metabolite, the main circulating form in blood, used as a vitamin D marker in animals (Arnold et al, 2015).…”

“…On the other hand, Vignale et al (2015) reported increases in the breast yield of broilers due to the substitution of VitD 3 with 25(OH)D 3 . These effects would be related to the fact that 25(OH)D 3 increases the gene expression of the nuclear VDR receptor in the duodenum and muscle of the broilers, which increases the transcription and activation of mTOR, causing an increase in breast meat production(Hutton et al, 2014;Hsiao et al, 2018). Additionally, the high level of 25(OH)D 3 used byVignale et al (2015) (5500 IU/kg) compared to that of the present study (2760 IU/kg) and the heat stress may justify the divergence of results.…”

Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in Ross 708 broilers subsequently challenged with coccidiosis. I. performance, meat yield and intestinal lesion incidence1,2,3

“…Calbindin activity in chickens is regulated by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ( Hall and Norman, 1990 ; Ferrari et al., 1992 ). In comparison to vitamin D 3 at the same level of inclusion, dietary 25OHD 3 provided at a dosage of 69 μg/kg has been shown to lead to a greater increase in the expression of calbindin after 6 h ( Hsiao et al., 2018 ). Although the enzyme 1 α-hydroxylase is mainly expressed in renal cells, it is also expressed in muscle and macrophage cells ( Shanmugasundaram and Selvaraj, 2012 ), and its activity is known to cause the inhibition of Eimeria tenella replication (Morris and Selvaraj, 2014).…”