In-vivo study of synthetic and natural food colors effect on biochemical and immunity parameters

Shakoor, Sadaf; Ismail, Amin; Sabran, Mohd; Mohtarrudin, Norhafizah; Kaka, Ubedullah; Nadeem, Muhammad

doi:10.1590/fst.41420

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Body weights of animals were recorded before and after the experiment using a weighing scale. The percentage of gained weight was expressed as [(final weight -start weight) / start weight] × 100 (El-Malky et al, 2014;Shakoor et al, 2020). Animals (under experiment) were provided with 30 -35 g/oral feed and 30 -35 mL/water; according to the composition of experimental diets by Kim et al (2005).…”

Section: Body Weight Feed and Water Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of tartrazine and curcumin on mineral status, and thyroid and reproductive hormones disruption in vivo

Shakoor¹,

Ismail²,

Zia-ur-Rahman³

et al. 2022

IFRJ

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Endocrine disrupters (EDCs) are naturally occurring or man-made substances that either mimic or obstruct the functions of oestrogens and androgens, thyroid hormones, as well as microminerals in the body. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of tartrazine and curcumin, synthetic and natural dyes, respectively, on thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), female reproductive hormones (oestrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH), and minerals (iron, copper, zinc, sodium, potassium, and chloride) in plasma, liver, and kidney of female rats after 15, 30, and 45 d of treatment. The rats were treated with admissible daily intake (ADI) and 10× ADI (9.6 and 96 mg/kg/body weight for tartrazine, 3.85 and 38.5 mg/kg/body weight for curcumin, respectively). Results showed significant changes in thyroid and female reproductive hormones, especially, in the tartrazine-treated groups as compared to the control. Low and high doses of tartrazine and curcumin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased iron, copper, and zinc concentrations in plasma, whereas, the concentrations of sodium and copper in liver and kidney increased. Both tartrazine and curcumin, at ADI and 10× ADI, resulted in lower LH levels after 30 and 45 d of treatment. After 30 d, low and high dose of tartrazine significantly decreased T4, oestrogen, and FSH levels; whereas, progesterone level increased. The results demonstrated that hormone secretion and mineral content in tissues are severely affected at ADI and higher concentrations of tartrazine and curcumin. These observations suggested that lower doses of these dyes might be a safer option for their usage in foods and pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Body Weight Feed and Water Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of tartrazine and curcumin on mineral status, and thyroid and reproductive hormones disruption in vivo

Shakoor¹,

Ismail²,

Zia-ur-Rahman³

et al. 2022

IFRJ

Self Cite

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“…The spleen is a vital immunological organ in the human body, with the primary role of regulating immunity. Physical lesions, particularly the influence on the immune system following the formation of malignancies, can be represented in splenic lesions (Shakoor et al, 2022). The spleen index is a test for detecting spleen lesions in animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of Apocynum venetum tea flavonoids on G422 glioma in vivo

ZENG

HUO²,

YANG

et al. 2022

Food Sci. Technol

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This study looked at the inhibitory effects of Apocynum venetum tea flavonoids extract (AVTFE) on mouse glioma G422 cells. Through the use of high performance liquid chromatography, the flavonoids in AVTFE were examined (HPLC). Meanwhile, mice were injected with glioma G422 cells to create a mouse model of a transplanted tumor. AVTFE might significantly (P < 0.05) lower serum sIL-2R content and raise serum IFN-γ content in tumor-bearing mice, according to an analysis of mouse serum. In addition to reducing the rise in spleen weight and spleen index in mice brought on by transplanted tumors, AVTFE can limit the development of transplanted tumors in G422 cell mice. AVTFE can also boost immunity by encouraging T and B lymphocyte proliferation in tumor-bearing animals. AVTFE was therefore verified to have immunomodulatory properties and to limit the proliferation of glioma G422 cells.

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“…It is generally believed that cold stimulation is related to the susceptibility of respiratory system infection, and cold stimulation is only a secondary inducer (Joo et al, 2016). However, especially in the seasons with large temperature difference, the probabilities of respiratory diseases are directly and significantly increased, especially for children and the elderly with weak immunity in the cold environment of real life (Shakoor et al, 2021). Therefore, we believe that cold stimulation may be the main factor leading to host pneumonia directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Establishment of a mouse pneumonia model under cold stress

2022

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Simulating the cold living environment of the human body in winter, establishing a mouse model of pneumonia under single-factor cold stimulation to provide a basis and a new direction for further research on the relationship between cold and pulmonary inflammation. C57/BL6J mice were divided into three groups: A (initial control group), B (control group), and C (experimental group). They were randomly divided into 10 mice for each group, placed in an environment (temperature 22 ± 1 °C, humidity 50 ± 5%). After 3 weeks, mice in group A were sacrificed. Group C mice were exposed to environment (temperature 4 °C, humidity 50 ± 5%) for 8 h (9 am to 5 pm), and mice in group B were placed. (The temperature was 22 ± 1°C, humidity 50 ± 5%). The lungs of the mice in group A and B were normal. The inflammatory cells infiltrated in the mice in group C, and the alveolar structure disappeared. The neutrophil immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in neutrophils and the percentage of blood neutrophils. Higher than group A and B (P < 0.05). The mice were stimulated daily for 8 hours at a temperature of 4 °C and humidity (50 ± 5) % for 30 days to establish a cold-stimulated pneumonia model.

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In-vivo study of synthetic and natural food colors effect on biochemical and immunity parameters

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Impact of tartrazine and curcumin on mineral status, and thyroid and reproductive hormones disruption in vivo

Impact of tartrazine and curcumin on mineral status, and thyroid and reproductive hormones disruption in vivo

The impact of Apocynum venetum tea flavonoids on G422 glioma in vivo

Establishment of a mouse pneumonia model under cold stress

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