Evaluation of vitamin D plasma levels after mild exposure to the sun with photoprotection

Pereira, Luiza Alonso; Luz, Flávio Barbosa; Carneiro, Clivia Maria Moraes de Oliveira; Xavier, Analúcia Rampazzo; Kanaan, Salim; Miot, Hélio Amante

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198070

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This analysis is not the same as a direct before–after exposure from artificial sources but is nonetheless representative of practical year-round natural exposures, at least at a location where there is a prolonged vitamin D winter, so that winter can represent ‘before UV’ and summer can represent ‘after UV’. The only solar UV exposure study with a pre-specified dose (2 SED) comes from Brazil ( 33 ) and provides a consistent result in terms of response/SDD. While this was a single dose it was in the context of participants at a conference who had presumably had some regular sun exposure prior to the study date and is more representative of seasonal dosing regimes than a UV dose from an artificial source given in winter, isolated from other UV input.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

See 1 more Smart Citation

100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose–response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review

Webb

Alghamdi

Kift

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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A systematic review of publications addressing change in vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25OHD) after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation identified 2001 independent peer-reviewed publications. Of these, 21 used artificial sources of UV radiation, met all inclusion criteria and were quality assured; 13 publications used solar radiation and met sufficient inclusion criteria to be retained as supporting evidence; one further included publication used both solar and artificial sources. The review consistently identified that low dose, sub-erythemal doses are more effective for vitamin D synthesis than doses close to a minimum erythema dose; increasing skin area exposed increases the amount of vitamin D synthesised although not necessarily in a linear manner; constant dosing leads to a dose-dependent plateau in 25OHD, and dose-response is greatest at the start of a dosing regime; there is a large interpersonal variation in response to UV exposure. Fourteen of the studies using artificial sources of radiation were used to determine a dose-response relationship for change in 25OHD on whole-body exposure to repeated sub-erythemal doses of UV radiation, taking the form Δ25OHD (nmol/L) = A ln(SDD) + B. This helps quantify our understanding of UV as a source of vitamin D and enables exposure regimes for safe synthesis of vitamin D to be assessed. Specific studies of people with pigmented skin (Fitzpatrick skin types 5 and 6) were rare and this dose-response is only applicable to white-skinned individuals as skin type is a determinant of response to UV radiation. Findings provide information for vitamin D guidance updates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The solar exposure papers were further reduced to 12 ( 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ), mainly by lack of sufficient information on UV exposure (e.g. ‘normal lifestyle’ with no quantification) and/or change in 25OHD associated with specific exposures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose–response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review

Webb

Alghamdi

Kift

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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“…A recent study of 2390 non-Hispanic white adults aged 20-59 years showed that sun-sensitive individuals more frequently used sun protection methods, including sunscreens, despite which their risk of vit D deficiency did not increase [35]. In healthy adults, sun exposure with sunscreen (SPF 30) caused similar vit D variation to that without photo protection [36]. Hence, consensus statements from various different countries have concluded that the results from studies based on real-life daily sunscreen application, which show no measurable reduction in vit D levels, outweigh the reports of diminished vit D synthesis observed under laboratory conditions [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Status in Children in Greece and Its Relationship with Sunscreen Application

Feketea

Bocşan

Tsiros³

et al. 2021

Children

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The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence and seasonal variation of vitamin D (vit D) deficiency/insufficiency in healthy children and adolescents in Greece, and to explore its relationship with the use of sunscreens. The serum level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 376 children and adolescents (184 males and 192 females) with a mean age of 7.6 ± 4.9 years, at different time points over a period of 13 months. The prevalence of low serum 25(OH)D level, including deficiency and insufficiency, was 66.2%. The lowest mean 25(OH)D was observed in the month of January (17.9 ± 6.8 ng/mL) and the highest in September, July, August, and October (34.6 ± 8.7, 33.0 ± 9.4, 30.1 ± 8.2, and 30.1 ± 10.6 ng/mL, respectively). Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were detected in the children to whom sunscreens had been applied on the beach (p = 0.001) or off the beach (p < 0.001). The subjects with deficiency and insufficiency were significantly older than those with normal levels of 25(OH)D, but no significant differences were demonstrated according to gender. This study emphasizes the high prevalence of low serum levels of 25(OH)D and their seasonal variation in children living in a region characterized by many hours of sunshine. Our data suggest that the real-life use of sunscreens during the summer months allows sufficient sunlight to be received to enable production of vit D at a level adequate to maintain normal serum levels. Vit D supplements should be given to children during the months of lower sun exposure.

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“…The vitamin D synthesis response to UVR is inversely proportional to baseline status [39], thus the high baseline will have decreased the sensitivity of the behavioural responses to the app. Interestingly, another oneday study in Rio de Janeiro (n = 95) (with mean baselines of 56-60 nmol/l 25(OH)D 3 ) showed a significant increase in vitamin D status when comparing use of an SPF 30 sunscreen with a control group that remained indoors, but no difference between the sunscreen group and a group outside with no protection [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative digital solution supporting sun protection and vitamin D synthesis by using satellite-based monitoring of solar radiation

Young

Schalka

Temple

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Public health campaigns advise minimising UV radiation (UVR) exposure to prevent skin cancer and precancer, e.g. actinic keratosis (AK). A 3-day clinical field study, in Brazil, was performed to evaluate the mobile app Sun4Health® by siHealth Ltd. The app performs real-time monitoring of both erythemal and vitamin D-effective solar radiation doses using satellite data, enabling personalised recommendations on optimal sun exposure time and sunscreen use. When coupled to a wearable device, the app also provides body-site specific recommendations ("3D" version). 59 healthy volunteers were randomised into 3 groups, each given a different app providing: (1) ultraviolet index only (control app), (2) personalised recommendations and sun overexposure alerts (Sun4Health® app), (3) as ( 2) but connected via Bluetooth to a wearable device to monitor sun exposure in 3D (Sun4Health®-3D app). Participants were offered sunscreens (SPF 30 and 50) to use at their discretion. Erythema, quantified by reflectance spectroscopy, was assessed daily in the mornings and evenings on six body sites. Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D 3 ) was measured before and after the study. Mean increase of erythema (Mexameter® units ± SD) of all exposed body sites combined over 3 days showed 55.76 ± 47.47 for group 1, 40.27 ± 37.91 for group 2 and 37.12 ± 30.69 for group 3 (p < 0.05 for all groups). Mean increase of serum 25(OH)D 3 (nmol/l ± SD) showed 1.32 ± 36.49 for group 1, 6.38 ± 21.19 for group 2 and 18.68 ± 35.45 for group 3 (p > 0.05 for all groups). The results show that the Sun4Health® app is safe to use and can modify behaviour to reduce skin erythema (sunburn) yet not decreasing vitamin D status.

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Evaluation of vitamin D plasma levels after mild exposure to the sun with photoprotection

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose–response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review

100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose–response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review

Vitamin D Status in Children in Greece and Its Relationship with Sunscreen Application

Innovative digital solution supporting sun protection and vitamin D synthesis by using satellite-based monitoring of solar radiation

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