Body dysmorphic disorder in patients attending a dermatology clinic in Nigeria: sociodemographic and clinical correlates

Abstract

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder is a relatively common psychiatric disorder in the context of dermatology and cosmetic and plastic surgery but is underdiagnosed and underreported in Africa. oBjective: To evaluate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and symptoms of anxiety/depression and determine their sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Methods: A systematic random sampling design was made to recruit 114 patients with skin diseases. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Modification of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered, and data were analyzed using SPSS 20. results: Mean age of participants was 37.70±17.47 years, and 67/114 (58.8%) were females. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder was 41/114 (36.0%), and prevalence of anxiety/depression symptoms was 35/114 (30.7%). Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anxiety/depression symptoms was 15/41 (36.6%), and patients with facial disorders expressed the highest burden of anxiety/depression symptoms, in 15/35 (42.9%). Factors associated with significantly higher mean body dysmorphic disorder include age<50years (p=0.039), and anxiety/depression (p<0.001), education below high school was associated with higher mean anxiety/depression score (P= 0.031). In a binary logistic regression model, presence of anxiety/depression symptoms was predictive of body dysmorphic disorder (OR=10.0, CI: 4.1-28.2, p<0.001). study liMitations: the study is uncontrolled, conducted in a single source of care, thus limiting generalization to nonrelated settings. conclusion: Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder is high among dermatology patients and most prevalent in facial disorders. Facial diseases are associated with the highest burden of anxiety/depression symptoms. This is a clarion call for dermatologists to routinely assess for body dysmorphic disorder and appropriately refer affected patients to mental health care. investigAtion An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(4):422-8. An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(4):422-8. CI -confidence interval, OR -odds ratio Akinboro AO, Adelufosi AO, Onayemi O, Asaolu SO An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(4):422-8. How to cite this article: Akinboro AO, Adelufosi AO, Onayemi O, Asaolu SO. Body dysmorphic disorder among patients attending a dermatology clinic in Nigeria: socio-demographic and clinical correlates. An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(4):422-8. AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS Adeolu Oladayo Akinboro 0000-0001-8266-7076 Statistical analysis; Approval of the final version of the manuscript; Conception and planning of the study; Elaboration and writing of the manuscript; Obtaining, analyzing and interpreting the data; Effective participation in research orientation; Intellectual participation in propedeutic and/or therapeutic conduct of the cases studied; Critical review of the literature; Critical review of the manuscript. Adegoke Oloruntoba Adelufosi 0000-0003-3013-3536 Statistical analysis; Approval of the final version of the manuscript; Conce...

Body dysmorphia in common skin diseases: results of an observational, cross‐sectional multicentre study among dermatological outpatients in 17 European countries*

“…Overall, the prevalence of clinically relevant BDD symptoms was fivefold higher in patients compared with controls (10.5% vs. 2.1%). These findings correspond with former studies showing BDD prevalences of 0.5–2.4% in the general population 7,11,14,21,59–61 and of 4.9–36% in dermatological patients 34–44,46 . The broad range of prevalences of BDD reported in dermatological patients can partly be explained by the use of different instruments across studies.…”

“…These findings correspond with former studies showing BDD prevalences of 0.5-2.4% in the general population 7,11,14,21,[59][60][61] and of 4.9-36% in dermatological patients. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46 The broad range of prevalences of BDD reported in dermatological patients can partly be explained by the use of different instruments across studies. The gold standard to measure psychiatric diseases is a structured clinical interview, for example the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM 5 criteria (SCID).…”

The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in the community: a systematic review

“…Eight papers studied general dermatology patients, and here the prevalence of BDD ranged between 2.1% and 36% (Akinboro et al, 2019;Brohede et al, 2017;Conrado et al, 2010;Kacar et al, 2014;Marron et al, 2018;Phillips et al, 2000a;Ritter et al, 2016;Thanveer, Khunger, 2016). Seven out of the eight papers demonstrated a prevalence of BDD higher than any within the general population and therefore this suggests that the prevalence of BDD among dermatology cohorts may be higher.…”

“…Twelve papers covered cohorts that were under the care of dermatologists (AlShahwan, Mohammed, 2020;Akinboro et al, 2019;Bowe et al, 2007;Brohede et al, 2017;Conrado et al, 2010;Kacar et al, 2014;Kacar et al, 2016;Marron et al, 2018;Phillips et al, 2000a;Ritter et al, 2016;Thanveer, Khunger, 2016;Uzun et al, 2003).…”

Therapeutic implications of personality disorders in dermatology

“…Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition is which an individual has excessive worry about appearance with an obsession of minor defects. 18 Women are more likely to be concerned about the appearance of their face, whereas, men are more likely to be concerned about their body build, genitalia and hair. Due to these preoccupations, these patients face extreme anxiety.…”