Photodynamic action of protoporphyrin IX derivatives on Trichophyton rubrum

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDermatophytes are filamentous keratinophilic fungi. Trichophyton rubrum is a prevalent infectious agent in tineas and other skin diseases. Drug therapy is considered to be limited in the treatment of such infections, mainly due to low accessibility of the drug to the tissue attacked and development of antifungal resistance in these microorganisms. In this context, Photodynamic Therapy is presented as an alternative.OBJECTIVEEvaluate, in vitro, the photodynamic activity of four derivatives of Protoporphyrin IX by irradiation with LED 400 nm in T. rubrum.METHODAssays were subjected to irradiation by twelve cycles of ten minutes at five minute intervals.RESULTPhotodynamic action appeared as effective with total elimination of UFCs from the second irradiation cycle.CONCLUSIONStudies show that the photodynamic activity on Trichophyton rubrum relates to a suitable embodiment of the photosensitizer, which can be maximized by functionalization of peripheral groups of the porphyrinic ring.

Protoporphyrin IX Associated with Visible Light for the Treatment of Trichophyton rubrum Causing Onychomycosis - An Updated Review

“…Ramos et al [18] demonstrated in their study the Pp IX dimethyl ester obtained by derivatization of Pp IX in an analogous procedure described by Uchoa et al [86] . In the in vitro study by Ramos et al, Pp IX homogenized with T. rubrum was irradiated with blue LED ≈ 400 nm.…”

“…The internalization of Pp IX in the cell resulted in photooxidative damage when irradiated with  of 400 nm, region in which this PS presents the band with the highest absorption intensity, the Soret band. The incorporation and internalization of PS in T. rubrum shows that the elimination of the fungal agent occurred by a photoinduced process, since this process is initiated by the transfer of hydrogens or electrons, radical reactions or electrophilic attack of singlet oxygen in cell membranes [18,87] .…”

“…The difficulties in the treatment of fungal infections by conventional methods have led to the search for a safer, more effective, easy-to-perform and more cost-effective treatment. While some medications only produce side effects or only fungistatic effects, photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of the destruction of visible light (VL) living tissue in the presence of a photosensitizer (PS) and molecular oxygen (O2) by response of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O2) [17,18] . Due to the adverse effects and setbacks observed in the need for a safe therapeutic option for nail had, the study aims to investigate the action of exogenous Protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) associated with visible light on T. rubrum, contemplating clinical data and providing readers with an update on current approaches for the treatment of onychomycosis by PDT.…”

Hubungan Penggunaan Sepatu Boot dan Prevalensi Trichophyton Sp pada Penambang Batu Bara

“…Genus Trichophyton sp merupakan genus dengan persentase tertinggi penyebab kerusakan kuku. Pernyataan tersebut sejalan dengan pernyataan (Ramos et al, 2016) yang menyatakan dalam penelitiannya bahwa jamur dengan genus Trichophyton sp merupakan jamur yang sering menyebabkan dermatofitosis. Penelitian sebelumnya dari juga menjelaskan bahwa jamur Trichophyton sp merupakan genus terbesar penyebab dermatomikosis yaitu sebesar 64%.…”

Frequency of dermatophytes and yeasts on tegument of healthy dogs and cats

“…These fungi have an essential enzyme system to metabolize keratin, used as a substrate to obtain nutrients and energy. They are classified into three genera: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton [2][3][4].…”