2014
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143063
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Abstract: Melasma is a chronic acquired hypermelanosis of the skin, characterized by irregular brown macules symmetrically distributed on sun-exposed areas of the body, particularly on the face. It is a common cause of demand for dermatological care that affects mainly women (especially during the menacme), and more pigmented phenotypes (Fitzpatrick skin types III-V). Due to its frequent facial involvement, the disease has an impact on the quality of life of patients. Its pathogeny is not yet completely understood, alth… Show more

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Cited by 255 publications
(342 citation statements)
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“…5 Various etiological agents that attributes to melasma include sun exposure, genetic factors, use of cosmetics, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, use of oral contraceptives etc. 6 In present study, sun exposure was observed in 84% patients, cosmetic use in 58% patients and 41% patients gave the history of oral drug intake, out of which 8 females gave the history of oral contraceptive pills intake. Various indications for drug intake were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and anaemia.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 45%
“…5 Various etiological agents that attributes to melasma include sun exposure, genetic factors, use of cosmetics, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, use of oral contraceptives etc. 6 In present study, sun exposure was observed in 84% patients, cosmetic use in 58% patients and 41% patients gave the history of oral drug intake, out of which 8 females gave the history of oral contraceptive pills intake. Various indications for drug intake were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and anaemia.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 45%
“…1 Although its populational incidence is not precisely known, 2 melasma is regarded as one of the most common pigmentary disturbances in adult Korean females. 3 Sun exposure and pregnancy are suggested as the most common triggering or aggravating factors of melasma.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 Sun exposure and pregnancy are suggested as the most common triggering or aggravating factors of melasma. [1][2][3] According to a recent study of 400 Korean women with melasma, 61.1% of melasma patients complained of sensitive/inflammatory features such as erythema, itching, and a stinging sensation, 4 which implies that melasma could be related with skin barrier disruption and/or chronic subclinical skin inflammation. Concomitant pigmentary disorders including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), pigmented contact dermatitis, and acquired bilateral nevus of Otalike macules are commonly associated with melasma.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This darkening results from an increased deposit of melanin in the skin, arising either from increased melanin synthesis in existing melanocytes or from increased number of active melanocytes. In this section, I will focus on explaining those benign hyperpigmented lesions induced or exacerbated by sun exposure, including ephelides (freckles), solar lentigines, melasma, and melanocytic naevi (moles) (Figure 8) (11,(91)(92)(93). …”
Section: Benign Hyperpigmented Lesionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It typically occurs on the face, particularly on the forehead, temples, cheeks and/or upper lip. Melasma is primarily associated with pregnancy, although other factors can exacerbate this hyperpigmented condition including UV exposure, oral contraceptives, certain cosmetics and drugs, endocrine dysfunction, or genetic influences (92). Melasma pigmentation normally improves in the winter and aggravates in summertime, where melanogenesis is stimulated by sunlight exposure.…”
Section: Melasmamentioning
confidence: 99%