Factors associated with postpartum weight retention in a Brazilian cohort

Abstract

PURPOSE: To identify the factors associated with weight retention after pregnancy. METHODS: A cohort study was performed with 145 women receiving maternity care at a hospital in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aged 19 to 45 years, between weeks 38 and 42 of pregnancy. The patients were evaluated at one month, three months, and six months after delivery. Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups, as indicated; correlations were assessed with Pearson's and Spearman's tests, as indicated; to identify and evaluate confounders independently associated with total weight loss, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed and statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between total weight gain -and a negative association with physical exercise during pregnancy -with total weight loss. Higher parity, interpregnancy interval, calorie intake, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain related to pre-pregnancy BMI, presence and severity of depression, and lack of exclusive breastfeeding were directly associated with lower weight loss. Among nominal variables, level of education and marital status were significantly associated with total weight loss. CONCLUSION: In the present study, lower weight retention in the postpartum period was associated with higher educational attainment and with being married. Normal or below-normal pre-pregnancy BMI, physical activity and adequate weight gain during pregnancy, lower parity, exclusive breastfeeding for a longer period, appropriate or low calorie intake, and absence of depression were also determinants of reduced weight retention. ResumoOBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à retenção de peso após a gravidez. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte com 145 mulheres que receberam cuidados de maternidade em um hospital de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com idades entre 19 e 45 anos entre a 38ª e a 42ª semana da gravidez. As pacientes foram avaliadas um, três e seis meses após o parto. As variáveis foram analisadas com o teste t de Student ou análise de variância de uma via (ANOVA), conforme indicado; as associações foram analisadas pelas correlações de Pearson e Spearman. Para identificar e analisar confundidores independentemente associados à perda de peso, foi utilizada regressão linear multivariada e foi considerado estatisticamente significante p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve uma associação positiva significativa entre o ganho de peso total -e uma associação negativa com o exercício físico durante a gravidezcom a perda de peso total. Maior número de partos, intervalo entre partos, ingestão de calorias, índice de massa corporal (IMC) antes da gestação, ganho de peso relacionado com IMC pré-gestacional, presença e severidade de depressão e falta de aleitamento materno exclusivo foram diretamente associados com menor perda de peso. Entre as variáveis nominais, o nível de escolaridade e estado civil foram significativamente associados com a...

Postpartum Weight Retention Risk Factors in a Taiwanese Cohort Study

“…The results of the present study suggest that, compared with exclusive formula feeding or a combination of breast and formula feeding, exclusive breastfeeding for the first month postpartum leads to an earlier return to pre-pregnancy weight at both 1 and 6 months postpartum. Thus, we contend that exclusive breastfeeding has a protective effect on PPWR, which is supported by the findings of several previous studies [5,6,21,23]. …”

“…A cohort study following up 405 Brazilian women for 9 months postpartum found that those with excessive GWG generally had higher PPWR than those with adequate or inadequate GWG [17]. Overall, the results of the present study accord with those of numerous related studies conducted in Asia, Europe, and America, all of which have indicated that GWG is a major risk factor for PPWR [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. However, the WHO applies different BMI cut-off points to Asians and Caucasians with regard to being overweight (23 and 25 kg/m 2 , respectively) or obese (25 and 30 kg/m 2 , respectively).…”

“…There is a lack of consensus regarding the effects of breastfeeding on PPWR [5,6,19,21,22,23]. A review published in 2015 indicated that, compared with formula feeding, continual breastfeeding for 3-6 months correlates negatively with PPWR; however, the difference becomes nonsignificant after 6 months [21].…”

“…Another cohort study in Brazil reported a mean postpartum weight retention (PPWR) of 4.8 kg at 6 months [6]. A review article targeting women in Asia reported that the average 6-month PPWR in various countries ranges from 1.6 to 4.1 kg [7], and two studies in Taiwan both reported a 6-month PPWR of approximately 2.4 kg [8,9].…”

Observing of loosing weight of mothers in first year after parturition<p>Annelerin, doğum sonu ilk yılda kilo verme durumlarının incelenmesi

“…Ortalama uyku süresi ile kilo verme durumu incelendiğinde, ortalamanın üstünde uyuyan kadınların daha az uyuyanlara göre iki kat daha fazla kilo verdiği bulunmuştur. Literatürde uyku süresi ile doğum sonu kilo retansiyonu arasında ilişki olduğu belirtilmektedir (Gunderson, 2010;Feresu et al, 2015;Zanotti et al, 2015). Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların uykularının özellikle emzirme ve bebek bakımı gibi nedenlerle gece kesintiye uğramasından dolayı uyku süresiyle ile ilgili çalışmalar oldukça kısıtlıdır.…”