Distribution and spatial autocorrelation of viral hepatitis B and C in Paraná, Brazil: an ecological study, 2011-2019

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the distribution and spatial autocorrelation of hepatitis B and C detection rates in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: this was an ecological study of hepatitis B and C notifications held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System, between 2011 and 2019. Percentage change in detection rates between the first and last three-year periods was estimated. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran’s index. Results: there were 16,699 notifications of hepatitis B, with a greater reduction in detection in the North (-30.0%) and Northwest (-25.9%) macro-regions. There were clusters of high occurrence in the Foz do Iguaçu, Francisco Beltrão and Cascavel regions between 2011 and 2019. There were 10,920 notifications of hepatitis C, with a greater reduction in detection in the Northwest macro-region (-18.9%) and an increase in the West (51.1%). The Paranaguá region recorded a high detection cluster between 2011 and 2016. Conclusion: hepatitis B and C showed heterogeneous distribution between health regions.

Mortality in Women with Coronary Artery Disease in Paraná State, Brazil: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis

“…According to the literature, exploring socioeconomic indicators such as income, educational attainment, employment status, and social standing unquestionably contributes to enhancing overall health and quality of life, especially those related do cardiovascular diseases [50]. However, in eastern Paraná, where most cities presented lowest index performance are located [51], we did not observe increased mortality in these regions. In other words, other variables may need to be considered to confirm this effect.…”

Tendência temporal, distribuição espacial e fatores associados à detecção e mortalidade por hepatites virais B e C no Brasil (2010–2019)

“…Regarding hepatitis C, the decreasing trend of mortality, for example, may be associated with therapy with direct-acting antivirals, established by the Ministry of Health in SUS in 2015 8 . These drugs are more effective in treating the infection and, in contrast, are associated with a lower occurrence of adverse drug effects 24 .…”

“…To this end, the formula recommended by the Ministry of Health was used, namely: the numerator consisted of the number of confirmed cases or number of deaths due to HBV and HCV, according to the year of diagnosis or death and place of notification; the denominator referred to the population for the respective year, residing in the same place; and the multiplication factor was 100,000 inhabitants (inhab.) 8 .…”