Common mental disorders in mothers vs. infant and obstetric outcomes: a review

Abstract

Transtornos mentais comuns em mães versus desfechos infantis e obstétricos: uma revisãoCommon mental disorders in mothers vs. infant and obstetric outcomes: a review Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy has been shown to increase women's vulnerability to mental disorders. Common mental disorders (CMDs) have been studied both in the general population and in pregnant vs. non-pregnant women. During pregnancy, CMDs have been considered a potential predictor of obstetric and infant outcomes. Methods: A search was conducted on the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases to find relevant articles written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. No limit was established for year of publication, but only studies involving human beings were included. Results: A total of 25 articles were selected. There was a consensus among studies that the mean prevalence of CMD during pregnancy is 20%. There was also agreement that the occurrence of CMDs during pregnancy is a predictor of postpartum depression and anxiety disorders and that the disorder remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. As for the positive association between CMDs and obstetric and infant complications, results are still conflicting. In lower-income countries, frequently there is an association between CMD and perinatal changes. It is argued that some confounding factors, such as sociodemographic and cultural differences, health and maternal conditions, and type of instruments used, probably contribute to this lack of consensus. Conclusion: We believe that the conflicting results found in the literature are caused by differences in methodology and sociodemographic factors that influence the development of CMDs. Despite these differences, our findings underscore the need for depression and anxiety disorders during pregnancy to be studied and better identified by all professionals who provide antenatal care.

Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Pregnant Women During COVID-19 Pandemic in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria

“… 21 While this may be one of the reasons for the high rate of psychological morbidity among the participants during the pandemic, others have also observed that women living with HIV have an increased prevalence of most common mental health disorders 10–13 . Although studies have shown that common mental disorders like depression and anxiety are common in pregnancy, 16 , 29 , 30 there have been few studies among pregnant HIV-positive women. 31 , 32 We are not aware of any study that has compared depression and anxiety among HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women in our environment.…”

Prevalence and determinants of Common Mental Disorder among pregnant women In Debre Berhan town: Highland in Central Ethiopia

“…A review on focusing on CMDs in mothers versus infant and obstetric outcomes in 2012 reported CMD varying from 12 to 43% during pregnancy both in LMICs and in high-income countries though economic conditions increase women's vulnerability in LMICs (12).…”

“…The rationale for investigating CMD in pregnant women is that, because pregnancy is a period of physiological mal-adjustment, psychological and social factors may impose vulnerability to develop mental distress (12). Little is known about the prevalence and risk factors of CMDS in pregnant women in LMICs including Ethiopia.…”

“…All of the socio-demographic factors in this study were not signi cantly associated with CMD unlike other previous studies such as: increasing age, hunger and debt in Ethiopia (16); younger age (< 24 years), less than a year since married in Nigeria (15); older age in Viet Nam (26); unemployment, separation from spouse, having two or more children (24), living in a crowded household, lower occupational status in Brazil (47); being younger and unmarried in LMICs (15); occupational status and socioeconomic level in both LMICs and high-income countries (12) were all signi cantly associated with antenatal CMD.…”

Aspectos da gestação e puerpério de mulheres com transtornos mentais

“…It is based, by the unexpected fall of these hormones in the puerperal period, a theory on the etiology of the postpartum depression. 34,37 Oxytocin, also known as the "love hormone," is known for the promotion of uterine contractions and also acts on breastfeeding and the sensation of pleasure during sexual intercourse. It is noted that low levels of oxytocin can cause anxiety, maternal aggression and damage to social cognition.…”