Algal and Cyanobacterial communities in two rivers of the province of San Luis (Argentina) subjected to anthropogenic influence

Abstract

Aim: The use of biological indicators of pollution has increased in recent years as an alternative to the monitoring of water quality. Phytoplankton community selectively respond to different anthropogenic disturbances, such as water dams and the increase of nutrients coming from city centers, which leads to the eutrophication of the aquatic environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the composition and the structure of the algal and Cyanobacterial communities in order to prove human influences by the presence of reservoirs with some degree of eutrophication and the impact of urbanization in two rivers at the Bebedero basin in San Luis province (Argentine). Methods: Four sites were sampled: two of them were placed before dams and villages (V 1 ) and (P 1 ) and two after them (V 2 ) and (P 2 ). Each site was visited in every season of the year: summer, autumn, winter and spring. Qualitative and semi-quantitative phytoplankton samples were taken, and the frequency of occurrence was determined. Variations between pairs of sampling stations were analyzed through the Jaccard similarity and complementarity indices. Results: Ninety two taxa were identified, of which diatoms were the most frequent. The most affected station was P 2 with high abundance, less diversity and equitability, whereas the species more tolerant to the presence of organic matter were Melosira varians, Navicula tripunctata, Oscillatoria limosa, Gomphonema parvulum and Coelastrum microporum, and some species of euglenophytas. Conclusion: Therefore, the structure and composition of the algal and Cyanobacterial communities allowed us to identify sections more sensitive to human-induced alterations.Keywords: biological quality, algal communities, urbanization effect, regulated streams.Resumo: Objetivo: O uso de indicadores biológicos de poluição tem aumentado nos últimos anos como alternativa de monitoramento da qualidade da água. A comunidade fitoplanctônica responde seletivamente a diferentes perturbações antrópicas, como construção de barragens e aumento dos nutrientes em centros urbanos que levam à eutrofização de ambientes aquáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição e a estrutura das comunidades de algas e cianobactérias, a fim de comprovar a influência humana através da presença de reservatórios com algum grau de eutrofização e do impacto da urbanização em dois rios na bacia do Bebedero da província de San Luis (Argentina). Métodos: Quatro estações de coleta foram selecionados: duas antes dos reservatórios e aldeias (V1) e (P1) e duas após os mesmos (P2) e (V2). Cada estação foi visitada quatro vezes durante um ciclo anual: verão, outono, inverno e primavera. Foram coletadas amostras quantitativas e semiquantitativas do fitoplâncton e foi determinada a frequência de ocorrência. Foram analisados o grau de semelhança entre pares de estações de coleta, utilizando o índice de similaridade de Jaccard e índice de complementaridade. Resultados: Foram identificados 92 táxons, sendo mais frequente as diatomáceas. P...

Ichthyofauna diet changes in response to urbanization: the case of upper Paranapanema River basin (Brazil)

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