Effect of cross-linked biodegradable polymers on sustained release of sodium diclofenac-loaded microspheres

Abstract

The objective of this study was to formulate an oral sustained release delivery system of sodium diclofenac(DS) based on sodium alginate (SA) as a hydrophilic carrier in combination with chitosan (CH) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) as drug release modifiers to overcome the drug-related adverse effects and to improve bioavailability. Microspheres of DS were prepared using an easy method of ionotropic gelation. The prepared beads were evaluated for mean particle size, entrapment efficiency, swelling capacity, erosion and in-vitro drug release. They were also subjected to various studies such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) for drug polymer compatibility, Scanning Electron Microscopy for surface morphology, X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric Analysis (DSC) to determine the physical state of the drug in the beads. The addition of SCMC during the preparation of polymeric beads resulted in lower drug loading and prolonged release of the DS. The release profile of batches F5 and F6 showed a maximum drug release of 96.97 ± 0.356% after 8 h, in which drug polymer ratio was decreased. The microspheres of sodium diclofenac with the polymers were formulated successfully. Analysis of the release profiles showed that the data corresponds to the diffusion-controlled mechanism as suggested by Higuchi.Uniterms: Alginate beads/preparation. Alginate beads/evaluation. Drugs/sustained release. Interpenetrating network. Sodium diclofenac/microsphere/sustained release. Ionotropic gelation.

Efficient adsorption of Cd(ІІ) ions from aqueous media onto a semi‐interpenetrating bio‐composite

“…In comparing the XRD patterns of the CMC sodium salt (moderate [200] peak at 2θ ≈ 20° with another weak one at 2θ ≈ 40°) and s‐IPNs‐3, new peaks are observed at 2θ ≈ 28, 38, 46, 78° (Figure ), indicating the modification of CMC sodium salt …”

“…30 indicating the modification of CMC sodium salt. 30,45 The TGA thermogram of s-IPNs-3 showed its higher thermal stability than that for the CMC sodium salt, which has only moderate Figure 5). 30…”

Physical characteristics of phycocyanin from spirulina microcapsules using different coating materials with freeze drying method

“…The thermogram of each sample measured at a temperature range of 30ºC to 300ºC with the speed of 10 o C per minute [18].…”

Development of Novel EE/Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles for Lysozyme Delivery: Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Safety

“…Furthermore, they are widely used due to the better functional properties they offer in comparison to using polyanions and polycations alone [23]. For example, alginate/chitosan, dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex, and Eudragit L100-55/chitosan for biologic-loaded nanoparticles have been described for entrapment of hydrophilic polypeptides [24,25,26]. Some of these polymers have been extensively investigated in recent years as effective drug delivery devices for some compounds of interest, such as diclofenac sodium [27], gliclazide [28], and diltiazem hydrochloride [29], demonstrating the potential of these particles to effectively deliver these small molecules to target sites and potentially increase their therapeutic benefit [27,28,29].…”