Fabrication, physicochemical characterization and preliminary efficacy evaluation of a W/O/W multiple emulsion loaded with 5% green tea extract

Abstract

Complex multiple emulsions have an excellent ability to fill large volumes of functional cosmetic agents. This study was aimed to encapsulate large volume of green tea in classical multiple emulsion and to compare its stability with a multiple emulsion without green tea extract. Multiple emulsions were developed using Cetyl dimethicone copolyol as lipophilic emulsifier and classic polysorbate-80 as hydrophilic emulsifier. Multiple emulsions were evaluated for various physicochemical aspects like conductivity, pH, microscopic analysis, rheology and these characteristics were followed for a period of 30 days in different storage conditions. In vitro and in vivo skin protection tests were also performed for both kinds of multiple emulsions i.e. with active (MeA) and without active (MeB). Both formulations showed comparable characteristics regarding various physicochemical characteristics in different storage conditions. Rheological analysis showed that formulations showed pseudo plastic behavior upon continuous shear stress. Results of in vitro and in vivo skin protection data have revealed that the active formulation has comparable skin protection effects to that of control formulation. It was presumed that stable multiple emulsions could be a promising choice for topical application of green tea but multiple emulsions presented in this study need improvement in the formula, concluded on the basis of pH, conductivity and apparent viscosity data. Uniterms:Cosmetics. Green tea. Multiple emulsion. Rheology. Skin. Stability.Emulsões múltiplas complexas possuem excelente habilidade de agregar grandes quantidades de agentes cosméticos funcionais. Este estudo teve por objetivo encapsular grandes volumes de chá verde em uma emulsão múltipla clássica e comparar sua estabilidade com a emulsão múltipla sem o extrato do chá verde. Emulsões múltiplas são desenvolvidas usando cetil dimeticona copoliol como emulsificante lipofílico e o clássico polissorbato-80 como emulsificante hidrofílico. As emulsões múltiplas foram avaliadas por meio de vários aspectos fisico-químicos como condutividade, pH, análise microscópica e reologia. Estas características foram observadas por um período de 30 dias sob diferentes condições de armazenamento. Testes de proteção da pele in vivo e in vitro foram realizados para ambos os tipos de emulsões testadas, i.e. com o ativo em estudo (MeA) e sem ativo (MeB). Ambas as formulações apresentaram características comparáveis no que diz respeito aos diferentes fatores físico-químicos avaliados sob diferentes condições de armazenamento. A análise reológica mostrou que as formulações apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico sob contínuo estresse de cisalhamento. Os resultados dos testes in vivo e in vitro sobre a proteção da pele revelaram que a formulação ativa promoveu efeitos comparáveis à formulação controle. Nossos dados mostraram que emulsões múltiplas estáveis poderiam ser escolhas promissoras para a aplicação tópica do chá verde. Entretanto, a fórmula das emulsões múltiplas apresentadas neste estudo...

Assessment of Combined Ascorbyl Palmitate (AP) and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (SAP) on Facial Skin Sebum Control in Female Healthy Volunteers

“…Absorbance of test = Activity in the presence of active compound Preparation of formulations 2-step emulsification procedure was implemented for the preparation of W/O/W multiple emulsions (Control and ME 1 ) [12]. Primary W/O emulsion was prepared by heating cetyl dimethicone copolyol plus liquid paraffin (AP also for ME 1 ), and water plus magnesium sulfate to 75 °C in a digital water bath (Heidolph, Germany) and then mixing by IKA Mixing Overhead Stirrer, Eurostar (IKA, Werke, Germany) at 2 000 rpm.…”

A Novel Cassia fistula (L.)-Based Emulsion Elicits Skin Anti-Aging Benefits in Humans

“…Emulsions (including macro-, micro-and nano-) [6,7,[14][15][16][17][18] are part of the colloids class, a two-phase system of matter, in which the liquid of the dispersed phase (e.g., oil) is put in contact, albeit normally immiscible (i.e., non-mixable or unblendable), with the liquid of the continuous phase (e.g., water). The droplets dispersed in the liquid matrix (aka "dispersion medium") are usually assumed to be statistically distributed ( Figure S1).…”

“…The droplets dispersed in the liquid matrix (aka "dispersion medium") are usually assumed to be statistically distributed ( Figure S1). Interestingly, emulsions are frequently employed to establish new pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations for either topical (e.g., skin applications), oral administration, or sometimes injection [6,7,[14][15][16]19,20].…”

“…Premature skin aging is manifested by accelerated induction of blemishes, wrinkling, scaling, roughness, dryness, laxity, as well as mottled pigment abnormalities including hypo-pigmentation and hyper-pigmentation, and can be caused by the detrimental effects of xenobiotics agents or environmental factors (e.g., chronic exposure to solar UV radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative stress aka photoaging, pollution, cigarette smoke, extreme temperature change) [1,3,21,22]. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of aging, including photoaging [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], an active but still challenging area for the development and promotion of effective healthy skin aging interventions [1][2][3][4]6,8,[11][12][13][14][15][30][31][32]. For instance, it has been reported that one of the major features of aging skin is the progressive proteolytic degradation of cutaneous elastic fibers that cannot be adequately replaced or repaired by adult dermal fibroblasts [27].…”

“…There is emerging evidence that topical application or oral intake of some plant extracts or phytochemicals can prettify the skin appearance and reduce a number of degenerative diseases and skin conditions such as skin inflammation, skin cancers and/or skin aging [1][2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]16,32,34,38] Remarkably, botanical preparations have high potential for prevention against UVR damages (e.g., skin sunburns, premature skin aging and skin cancers), mainly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and nucleic acids repair potential [2,3,12,13,33,34,36].…”