Histology, histochemistry and fine structure of the Harderian gland, lacrimal gland and superficial gland of the third eyelid of the European bison, Bison bonasus bonasus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Microstructure of the eye tunics, eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinus Temminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical, histological and histochemical studies

“…As reported by Gargiulo, Coliolo, Ceccarelli, and Pedini (1999) and Alsafy (2010), the lacrimal gland in the sheep was flattened, oval and red, while in the donkey it was oval and light brown. This was similar to the findings in the alpaca, Wistar rats, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, European bison, American bison and Iranian river buffalo (El-Fadaly et al, 2014;Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2013, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, et al 2015Pinard et al, 2003;Shadkhast & Bigham, 2010). Similar observations were made by Kempster et al (2002) in the koala, although the superficial gland in the third eyelid was significantly longer, wider and thicker (20 mm × 11 mm × 5 mm) than the lacrimal gland.…”

“…The marginal part of the third eyelid in the Sulawesi bear cuscus was pigmented, thick, had a "T" shape and was composed of cartilage, which consisted of an upper and lower branch and a crossbar. Similar findings were observed in red kangaroos, koalas, pigs, dogs, rats and domestic and wild ruminants (Bisaria & Bisaria, 1978;Kempster et al, 2002;Klećkowska-Nawrot & Dzięgiel, 2007;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, et al 2015Nickel et al, 2004;Schlegel et al, 2001;Smollich & Michel, 1992). As reported by , the third eyelid in the red kangaroo also had a "T" shape and was very pigmented and thin.…”

“…As reported by , the third eyelid in the red kangaroo also had a "T" shape and was very pigmented and thin. In red kangaroos, dogs and wild ruminants, the bulbar conjunctiva consisted of a non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells (Al-Ramadan, 2015;Al-Ramadan & Ali, 2012;Cazacu, 2010;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, et al 2015). Carnivores and small ruminants were reported to have a similar shape of the third eyelid, while an anchor shape of the third eyelid was found in the pig, alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) (Constantinescu & McClure, 1990;Klećkowska-Nawrot & Dzięgiel, 2007;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, & Janeczek, 2015;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, & Olbrych, 2015;Schlegel, Brehm, & Amselgruber, 2001;Thompson, 1958).…”

“…Two non-conjunctival glands were smaller and were localised on the surface of the third eyelid cartilage. The connective tissue septae divided the stroma into numerous large distinct lobes, like in the red kangaroo, alpaca, Lori sheep and the European bison (Abbasi et al, 2014;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, et al 2015). Based on the classical anatomical definition (Dyce et al, 1996;Hillenius, Phillips, & Rehorek, 2007;Nickel et al, 2004;Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, 2012), the two non-conjunctival glands in the fat-tailed dunnart may be interpreted as the superficial gland of the third eyelid, while the third non-conjunctival gland may be considered a deep gland of the third eyelid, also known as the Harderian gland (Rehorek, Hillenius, Leigh, et al 2010;Rehorek, Hillenius, Bhatnagar, 2010).…”

“…In the koala (Kempster et al, 2002), the third eyelid was quite large and thick. Carnivores and small ruminants were reported to have a similar shape of the third eyelid, while an anchor shape of the third eyelid was found in the pig, alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) (Constantinescu & McClure, 1990;Klećkowska-Nawrot & Dzięgiel, 2007;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, & Janeczek, 2015;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, & Olbrych, 2015;Schlegel, Brehm, & Amselgruber, 2001;Thompson, 1958). Kamali, Khaksar, and Gholami (2015) described an interesting shape of the third eyelid in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), where the crossbar of the cartilage of the third eyelid resembled a reverse sigmoid ("S") shape with two approximately equal branches.…”