The study of the Poduromorpha fauna of a sample from Paraná State, Brazil, and multiple samples from high altitude mountains of Southeast Brazil provided important data on Hypogastruridae, including a new record for Brazil ofCeratophysella engadinensis(Gisin 1949) and two new species belonging toXenyllaTullberg 1869,X. manuelaesp.n. andX. wandaesp.n. These last present a pair of remarkable creased cuticular structures on abdominal tergite IV, apparently unique among the genus. In addition, a new species of Pseudachorutinae,Cephalachorutes anneaesp.n., is the first Neotropical record ofCephalachorutesBedos & Deharveng 1991, corroborating its holotropical distribution. The set of characteristics displayed by this new species required the expansion of the genus diagnosis.