On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae)

“…No collecting effort was available. The nomenclature follows recent taxonomic literature (Zaher et al, 2009;Wüster & Bérnils, 2011;Harvey et al, 2012;Dal Vechio et al, 2016). Following this study, all specimens were deposited in the Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas (LECZ), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil (Appendix 1).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reptile species composition in the Middle Gurguéia and comparison with inventories in the eastern Parnaíba River Basin, State of Piauí, Brazil

2017

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“…The species is subdivided into several subspecies, but the current classification is controversial and, in some cases, poorly supported by molecular characters [ 2 ]. Indeed, the assemblage of forms currently known as subspecies of C. durissus constitute a set of closely related parapatric forms and the delimitation of subspecies within the Crotalus durissus complex has been a lengthy process that is still ongoing and remains largely elusive [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation of individual venom profile of Crotalus durissus snakes

Silva-Júnior

Abreu

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Background: South American rattlesnakes are represented in Brazil by a single species, Crotalus durissus , which has public health importance due to the severity of its envenomation and to its wide geographical distribution. The species is subdivided into several subspecies, but the current classification is controversial. In Brazil, the venoms of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus are used for hyperimmunization of horses for antivenom production, even though the distinction of these two subspecies are mostly by their geographical distribution. In this context, we described a comparative compositional and functional characterization of individual C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus venoms from three Brazilian states. Methods: We compared the compositional patterns of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus individual venoms by 1-DE and RP-HPLC. For functional analyzes, the enzymatic activities of PLA 2 , LAAO, and coagulant activity were evaluated. Finally, the immunorecognition of venom toxins by the crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was evaluated using Western blotting. Results: The protein profile of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus showed a comparable overall composition, despite some intraspecific variation, especially regarding crotamine and LAAO. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed a geographic pattern concerning PLA 2 . In addition, a remarkable intraspecific variation was also observed in PLA 2 , LAAO and coagulant activities. The immunorecognition pattern of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus by crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was similar. Conclusions: The results highlighted the individual variability among the venoms of C. durissus ssp. specimens. Importantly, our data point to a geographical variation of C. durissus ssp. venom profile, regardless of the subspecies, as evidenced by PLA 2 isoforms complexity, which may explain the increase in venom neurotoxicity from Northeastern through Southern Brazil reported for the species.

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On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Diversity, Natural History, and Distribution of Snakes in the Municipality of São Paulo

Diversity, Natural History, and Distribution of Snakes in the Municipality of São Paulo

Reptile species composition in the Middle Gurguéia and comparison with inventories in the eastern Parnaíba River Basin, State of Piauí, Brazil

Geographic variation of individual venom profile of Crotalus durissus snakes

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