First cases of exclusive paternal care in stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Requena, Gustavo S.; Nazareth, Taís M.; Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens; Machado, Glauco

doi:10.1590/s1984-46702010000600026

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…These thrips are fungus‐feeders (Mound ). Further ill‐fitting cases include male‐caring Edessine bugs (Pentatomidae; Requena et al ), which are almost certainly phytophagous like other Edessines (e.g., Silva and Oliveira ) and the majority of the Pentatomidae, and whose clade contains no known female or biparental carers. We conclude that “enhanced fecundity” is unlikely to drive initial evolution of male care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of parental care in insects: A test of current hypotheses

Gilbert

Manica

2015

Evolution

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Which sex should care for offspring is a fundamental question in evolution. Invertebrates, and insects in particular, show some of the most diverse kinds of parental care of all animals, but to date there has been no broad comparative study of the evolution of parental care in this group. Here, we test existing hypotheses of insect parental care evolution using a literature-compiled phylogeny of over 2000 species. To address substantial uncertainty in the insect phylogeny, we use a brute force approach based on multiple random resolutions of uncertain nodes. The main transitions were between no care (the probable ancestral state) and female care. Male care evolved exclusively from no care, supporting models where mating opportunity costs for caring males are reduced—for example, by caring for multiple broods—but rejecting the “enhanced fecundity” hypothesis that male care is favored because it allows females to avoid care costs. Biparental care largely arose by males joining caring females, and was more labile in Holometabola than in Hemimetabola. Insect care evolution most closely resembled amphibian care in general trajectory. Integrating these findings with the wealth of life history and ecological data in insects will allow testing of a rich vein of existing hypotheses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of parental care in insects: A test of current hypotheses

Gilbert

Manica

2015

Evolution

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“…Post-ovipositional parental care has been recorded in at least 64 genera representing 14 families of four infraorders of heteropteran insects [ 9 – 16 ]. Most of them exhibit maternal care, whereas exclusive paternal care is restricted to four families only with reports of dozens of genera: Belostomatidae, Coreidae, Reduviidae, and Pentatomidae [ 15 , 17 , 18 ]. Approximately 70 % of the species in which maternal care has been documented belongs to the superfamily Pentatomoidea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal care in Acanthosomatinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)—correlated evolution with morphological change

2015

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BackgroundMaternal care (egg-nymph guarding behavior) has been recorded in some genera of Acanthosomatidae. However, the origin of the maternal care in the family has remained unclear due to the lack of phylogenetic hypotheses. Another reproductive mode is found in non-caring species whose females smear their eggs before leaving them. They possess pairs of complex organs on the abdominal venter called Pendergrast’s organ (PO) and spread the secretion of this organ onto each egg with their hind legs, which is supposed to provide a protective function against enemies. Some authors claim that the absence of PO may be associated with the presence of maternal care. No study, however, has tested this hypothesis of a correlated evolution between the two traits.ResultsWe reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Acanthosomatinae using five genetic markers sequenced from 44 species and one subspecies with and without maternal care. Eight additional species from the other two acanthosomatid subfamilies were included as outgroups. Our results indicated that maternal care has evolved independently at least three times within Acanthosomatinae and once in the outgroup species. Statistical tests for correlated evolution showed that the presence of maternal care is significantly correlated with the secondary loss or reduction of PO. Ancestral state reconstruction for the node of Acanthosoma denticaudum (a non-caring species in which egg smearing with developed POs occurs) and A. firmatum (a caring species with reduced POs) suggested egg smearing was still present in their most recent common ancestor and that maternal care in A. firmatum has evolved relatively recently.ConclusionsWe showed that maternal care is an apomorphic trait that has arisen multiple times from the presence of PO within the subfamily Acanthosomatinae. The acquisition of maternal care is correlated with the reduction or loss of PO, which suggests an evolutionary trade-off between the two traits resulting from physiological costs. This prediction also implies that presence of maternal care can be highly expected for those groups lacking behavioral data, which invariably also lack the organ. No secondary loss of maternal care was detected in the present tree. We suggest that the loss of maternal care may be suppressed due to the vulnerability of the PO-free condition, which thus maintains maternal care.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0537-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Biparental care is rare, and male-only care has only evolved in eight of the many lineages in this enormous taxonomic group (Tallamy 2000) (although new discoveries of male-only care continue to be made; e.g. Requena et al 2010). In reptiles parental care is uncommon: eggs are usual buried and abandoned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%