How much can the number of jabiru stork (Ciconiidae) nests vary due to change of flood extension in a large Neotropical floodplain?

Mourão, Guilherme; Tomás, Walfrido Moraes; Campos, Zilca

doi:10.1590/s1984-46702010000500012

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In the Pantanal wetlands, our SDMs suggests that this species is expected to occur only in its northern parts (with very limited habitat quality and range), where the few direct records have been documented for the species [44]. An extensive search of the entire Pantanal for the similarly-huge nests of Jabiru storks ( Jabiru mycteria ) found no Harpy nests whatsoever, suggesting absence [89]. A couple of Harpy Eagles have been recently documented at the Calileuga National Park in the Yungas of northwestern Argentina, which contains a small habitat patch that our SDM shows to be of low quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species distribution modeling reveals strongholds and potential reintroduction areas for the world’s largest eagle

et al. 2019

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The highly interactive nature of predator-prey relationship is essential for ecosystem conservation; predators have been extirpated, however, from entire ecosystems all over the Earth. Reintroductions comprise a management technique to reverse this trend. Species Distribution Models (SDM) are preemptive tools for release-site selection, and can define levels of habitat quality over the species distribution. The Atlantic Forest of South America has lost most of its apex predators, and Harpy Eagles Harpia harpyja —Earth’s largest eagle—are now limited to few forest pockets in this domain. Harpy Eagles are supposedly widespread in the Amazon Forest, however, where habitat loss and degradation is advancing at a rapid pace. We aim to describe the suitability of threatened Amazonian landscapes for this eagle. We also aim to assess the suitability of remaining Atlantic Forest sites for Harpy Eagle reintroductions. Here we show that that considerable eagle habitat has already been lost in Amazonia due to the expansion of the “Arc of Deforestation”, and that Amazonian forests currently represent 93% of the current distribution of the species. We also show that the Serra do Mar protected areas in southeastern Brazil is the most promising region for Harpy Eagle reintroductions in the Atlantic Forest. Reintroduction and captive breeding programs have been undertaken for Harpy Eagles, building the technical and biological basis for a successful restoration framework. Our distribution range for this species represents a 41% reduction of what is currently proposed by IUCN. Furthermore, habitat loss in Amazonia, combined with industrial logging and hunting suggest that the conservation status of this species should be reassessed. We suggest researchers and conservation practitioners can use this work to help expand efforts to conserve Harpy Eagles and their natural habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species distribution modeling reveals strongholds and potential reintroduction areas for the world’s largest eagle

et al. 2019

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“…Field study has shown that the inter-annual variations in flooding extent can instigate dramatic changes in the number of active jabiru nests. Since the jabiru stork responds negatively to drier conditions in the Pantanal, direct human-induced changes in the hydrological patterns, as well as the effects of global climate change, may strongly jeopardize the population in the region [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Severe Floods and Droughts on Wildlife of the Pantanal Wetland (Brazil)—A Review

Alho

Silva

2012

Animals

114

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Simple SummaryThe Pantanal is a wetland in the center of South America, (140,000 km² in Brazil), in the Upper Paraguay River Basin. Because of its diverse and abundant wildlife, it is recognized as one of the most important freshwater ecosystems in the world. Many endangered species occur there, including jaguar; waterfowl are exceptionally abundant. Relief varies between the low, and flat floodplain, and the surrounding non-flooded plateau areas. Rainfall shows inter-annual variability, influencing the flooding patterns. Historical climate instability of severe multi-annual flood and dry events has affected animals’ habitats as well as their community structure, population size and behavioral ecology. AbstractFlooding throughout the Pantanal is seasonal. The complex vegetative cover and high seasonal productivity support a diverse and abundant fauna. A gradient in flood level supports a range of major habitats in a complex mosaic with annual seasonality. The rivers and streams are lined with gallery forests, and other arboreal habitats exist in the more elevated areas. The remainder is either grasslands or seasonally flooded grasslands. The regional flora and fauna are adapted to annual water fluctuation. However, an inter-annual series of higher or lower rainfalls has caused either severe floods or drastic dry seasons. Large scale climate phenomena such as greenhouse gases, El Niño and La Niña influence the seasonality of floods and droughts in the Pantanal. Knowledge of severe floods and droughts, which characterize natural disasters, is fundamental for wildlife management and nature conservation of the Pantanal. Plants and wild animals, for example, are affected by tree mortality in riparian forest after extreme flooding, with consequent habitat modification for wild animals. In addition, human activities are also affected since cattle ranching and ecotourism are economically important in the region, and when seasons with unusual floods or droughts occur, areas with human settlements are impacted.

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“…The expansion of cattle ranches was favoured by a coincidental sequence of dry years in the Pantanal. From the early 1960s till the middle 1970s was the driest period ever recorded; low flood levels exposed and maintained a great abundance of natural grassland (Mourão et al, 2010).…”

Section: Case Study 21 Colonization Land Titling and Conservation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability and Land tenure: Who owns the floodplain in the Pantanal, Brazil?

2017

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In seeking to achieve poverty alleviation and environmental conservation, public policy has often centred on guaranteeing land titles to local peoples. However, such approaches have brought unintended outcomes, replacing small-scale economies and natural areas by intensive exploitation of resources with no clear improvement in local people's wellbeing. To understand this, we go beyond a general political ecology framing to consider relations between sustainability and land tenure, focusing on the intersection of economics, ecology and anthropology to understand how land tenure, property and use play out on the ground. We draw together different concepts including bundle of rights, de facto and de jure resource use, property regimes, density-dependence and non-equilibrium theory. The significance of this threediscipline view is illustrated through a case study of the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, where conservationists, the government and the local population contest ownership of the Paraguay River floodplain. Government sought to address conflicts around tenure and access through a narrow view of property, which failed to encompass the overlapping layers of land tenure, property and use on the ground and only served to create further legal battles. This article concludes that a more complex view combining the three perspectives is needed in the case of the Pantanal, and in other cases of contested property rights, in order to resolve conflicting claims and foster sustainability. We dissect both the power plays involved between different groups competing for control of a valuable resource, and the legal frameworks which can and should provide checks and balances in the system. The more nuanced grasp that emerges of local systems of tenure and access, of how these diverge from western property concepts, and of their environmental implications favours a better understanding of local realities, allowing for better management policy and consequently contributing more effectively towards poverty alleviation and environmental protection.Keywords: sustainability, land tenure, property, resource use, the Pantanal Highlights Conventional property systems do not map well onto unpredictable, dynamic ecosystems  Resource access and use in wetlands and semi-arid rangelands are customarily mobile  Locally-adapted resource use, not specific property regime, dictates sustainability  Economics, anthropology and ecology help address land conflict in Brazil's Pantanal

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How much can the number of jabiru stork (Ciconiidae) nests vary due to change of flood extension in a large Neotropical floodplain?

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Species distribution modeling reveals strongholds and potential reintroduction areas for the world’s largest eagle

Species distribution modeling reveals strongholds and potential reintroduction areas for the world’s largest eagle

Effects of Severe Floods and Droughts on Wildlife of the Pantanal Wetland (Brazil)—A Review

Sustainability and Land tenure: Who owns the floodplain in the Pantanal, Brazil?

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