Background to the studyThe late Dr William Charles (Bill) Wakefield (WCW), a medical practitioner with a lifelong interest in avifauna, had more than 50 years of experience in research on seabirds and land birds, and handled and banded at least 100 000 birds in Australia and the United Kingdom. In the Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme, he was an A-class bander with experience in all forms of capture of birds from a broad range of species. With his wife Cherry, he moved to Tasmania from the United Kingdom in 1972 and investigated gulls there from c. 1974. His wife and three sons accompanied him on visits to refuse tips to count gulls and checked the beaches where Pacific Gulls Larus pacificus fed during winter. After Bill and Cherry divorced in 1985, Bill met and married Margaret (Maggie), who, until she became ill in 1999, often accompanied him to the islands and assisted with the banding of chicks and counting of nests. Beginning in January 1985, in addition to the bird-banding activities, Bill undertook several scientific projects concurrently, two of them being 'Trends in breeding bird population sizes' and 'Interactions between populations of gulls and terns'. During Maggie's illness, Bill had to abandon his banding and counting activities between the breeding seasons 1999-2000 and 2002-2003. Counting resumed in October 2003 with the assistance of Els Hayward (later Els Wakefield, EW) and continued until the end of breeding in 2009-2010. He died in 2011.