Coxiella burnetii associated with BVDV (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus), BoHV (Bovine Herpesvirus), Leptospira spp., Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma vivax in reproductive disorders in cattle

Abstract

This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.

A Deterministic Model for Q Fever Transmission Dynamics within Dairy Cattle Herds: Using Sensitivity Analysis and Optimal Controls

“…In carrying out the global sensitivity analysis on the control reproduction number R C , we use the analytic expression in equation (16) and the range of values in Table 1. e objective is to ascertain the most influential parameters in R C and also give some insightful ideas from the PRCC plot, by using a sample size of 1000. e scatter plot in Figure 2(a) shows a positive relation between R C and the parameters β, Λ, η, θ, α and a negative relation between R C and the parameters ] and ρ. e positive relation indicates that a high rate of either of these parameters β, Λ, η, θ, α will produce a high transmission rate during an outbreak, while the negative relation for ] and ρ indicates that an increase in parameter value of ] and ρ will help reduce the severity of the disease-induced rate.…”

“…In recent time, Q fever has received an increase in publicity on the potential source of transmission and possible preventative measures in both livestock and humans (see, for example, [11,16] and the references therein). e research by De Rooij et al [17] suggested that during any future epidemics, attention should be placed on a rapid source of identification, quantification of emission, accurate data collection, and smooth data exchange amongst relevant actors to enable effective risk assessment and risk management.…”

Serological occurrence for tick-borne agents in beef cattle in the Brazilian Pantanal

“…However, it is important to keep in mind that the Small Cell Variant (SCV), the resistant form of C. burnetii can survive for long periods in the environment (Coleman et al, 2004). Zanatto et al (2019b) demonstrated the first serological evidence of exposure to C. burnetii (5.32%, 7/169) of free-living cervids (Mazama gouazoubira and Blastocerus dichotomous) in Latin America, warning about its importance for an eventual Q fever epidemiology. Interestingly, some of the cervids seropositive for C. burnetii were sampled in the Pantanal Brazilian wetland, allowing to raise the possibility that the parasite may be disseminated in the region, despite the low seropositivity found.…”

Role of Infection and Immunity in Bovine Perinatal Mortality: Part 1. Causes and Current Diagnostic Approaches

“…Although in the majority of infections, a single pathogen is detected, dual infection in a single calf is not uncommon [21,23,24], but reports of multiple co-infections, particularly in multiple foetuses, are uncommon [25]. Diagnosis of multiple infections, after excluding opportunistic agents, suggests a high environmental infectious challenge.…”