Serological and molecular techniques applied for identification of Plasmodium spp. in blood samples from nonhuman primates

Figueiredo, Marco Antônio de Castro; Santi, Sílvia Maria Di; Manrique, Wilson Gómez; André, Marcos Rogério; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias

doi:10.1590/s1984-296120180043

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The source of DNA in NHPs can be hairs [ 127 , 128 ], feces [ 129 , 130 ], buccal cells from swabs [ 131 , 132 , 133 ] or food wadges [ 134 ], urine [ 135 ] and blood [ 98 , 136 ]. Non-invasive genetic sampling was defined by Taberlet, et al [ 137 ] as “ the source of the DNA left behind by the animal and that can be collected without having to catch or disturb the animal ”.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review

2021

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A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of 127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review

2021

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“…Among the five species currently known to cause malaria, P. malariae was previously misidentified for the fifth species Plasmodium knowlesi which originated from Old World monkeys and this new species was even notified outside Asia. (2) Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are common in South India. According to the latest World malaria report, released in November 2018, there were 219 million cases of malaria in 2017 and 217 million cases in 2016.…”

Section: B a C K G R O U N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors have an effect on the immune status of humans leading to variations in endemicity thus making prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malaria a challenging aspect. (2) According to WHO, the African region carries a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden. As per WHO, P. falciparum accounts for 99.7% of estimated malaria cases in the African Region, in South-East Asia 62.8%, in the Eastern Mediterranean it was found to be 69% and in the Western Pacific 71.9%, in the year 2017.…”

Section: B a C K G R O U N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further attempts made in research to study the human as well as non-human primate population for malarial infection may help in the development of vaccines, drugs and new prevention measures which will help in reconsidering malaria as a neglected tropical disease . (2) The identification of various genetic determinants can be considered as molecular markers for surveillance; the present study is done to standardize multiplex PCR for the detection of Plasmodium species in a single step reaction mixture. (10)…”

Section: B a C K G R O U N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Plasmodium Species by Multiplex PCR in a Single Tube Reaction

Chellammal¹,

Rompicherla²,

Subramaniyan³

et al. 2020

jemds

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BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies based on molecular methods for identification of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum is gaining importance, because the conventional methods like microscopy, cannot detect low-level parasitaemia and mixed infections. Even though different types of laboratory investigations for diagnosing malaria-like rapid antigen detection and QBC were developed, still there are some negative interpretations among convalescent cases identified in endemic areas. These issues can be overcome by using molecular techniques like multiplex PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR. Among these methods real-time PCR has been shown to be more sensitive in studying the epidemiology of malaria. We wanted to standardize Multiplex PCR for the identification of Plasmodium species in a single reaction mix. METHODS A total of 52 blood samples were collected from suspected cases of clinical malaria which were tested for microscopy by using Leishman's stain and confirmed by conventional and multiplex PCR. Standardization of multiplex PCR for the identification of Plasmodium species in a single reaction mix was done for the diagnosis of malaria. RESULTS Out of 52 blood samples collected, about 38 (73.08 %) samples were confirmed with a multiplex PCR technique and only 34 (65.38 %) by microscopy. The four samples negative by microscopy were found to be Plasmodium falciparum. A significant correlation was found with the positive samples by conventional and standardized multiplex PCR. CONCLUSIONS Multiplex PCR is more useful for accurate diagnosis and epidemiological study for the detection of various species of the genus Plasmodium in a single-step reaction.

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“…It causes high fever, anemia, headaches, and diarrhea, among others. This mosquito-borne disease is found in humans and in several vertebrates such as birds [ 2 , 3 ], bats [ 4 ], antelopes and reptiles [ 5 ], and non-human primates (NHP) [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The latter are an important source of infections for Plasmodium sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador

et al. 2021

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Background: Malaria is a disease caused by hemoparasites of the Plasmodium genus. Non-human primates (NHP) are hosts of Plasmodium sp. around the world. Several studies have demonstrated that Plasmodium sp. emerged from Africa. However, little information is currently available about Plasmodium falciparum in the neotropical NHP and even less in Ecuador. Indeed, the objective of our study was to identify by molecular phylogenetic analyses the Plasmodium species associated with NHP from the Western Amazon region of Ecuador, and to design a molecular taxonomy protocol to use in the NHP disease ecology. Methods: We extracted DNA from faecal samples (n = 26) from nine species of captive (n = 19) and free-ranging (n = 7) NHP, collected from 2011 to 2019 in the Western Amazon region of Ecuador. Results: Using a pan-Plasmodium PCR, we obtained one positive sample from an adult female Leontocebus lagonotus. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence unequivocally clustered with Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: The identification of Plasmodium sp. in NHP of the Ecuadorian Amazon would be essential to identify their role as potential zoonotic reservoirs, and it is also important to identify their origin in wildlife and their transmission in captive NHP.

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Serological and molecular techniques applied for identification of Plasmodium spp. in blood samples from nonhuman primates

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review

Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review

Identification of Plasmodium Species by Multiplex PCR in a Single Tube Reaction

Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador

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