Parasitic profile of traction equids in the semi-arid climate of Paraíba State, Northeastern, Brazil

Costa, Paulo Wbiratan Lopes da; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro; Feitosa, Thaís Ferreira

doi:10.1590/s1984-296120180035

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the Brazilian semiarid region, Costa et al (2018) evaluated the occurrence and intensity of endoparasites in equids for traction, where 51% (49/96) were donkeys. In these animals, 85.7% (42/49) and 8.2% (4/49) were positive for Strongylidae and Giardia sp., respectively.…”

Section: Clinical and Parasitic Problems In Donkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health evaluation of donkeys: parasite control methods and a model for challenge infections

Molento

Vilela

2021

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Donkeys, mules, and asses are domestic animals of worldwide distribution, found in all regions of Brazil. Although more health data is needed from these species, some sectors of today’s society are exploring alternatives to use these animals for milk production and the use of donkeys in social events and onotherapy. Donkeys (Equus asinus) are used in many everyday activities, but the animals need better welfare conditions. Although it is well known that endoparasite infections (i.e. cyathostomins, Strongylus spp., Parascaris sp.) can harm the clinical condition of the animals, there are limited clinical and laboratory supporting data, including registered therapeutic drugs for their control. The objective of the present work was to review the existing literature about parasite infections of donkeys, including their clinical implications, and the drug efficacy test to help practitioners improve their health management programs. To assist with that, we have developed a questionnaire to identify the risk factors of donkey farming, which is presented here in English and in Portuguese. Lastly, the present article also includes an original simulation using the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with low, moderate, and severe scenarios to help visualize the risk of parasite infections. The SIR model was based on the disease condition of donkeys in Brazil, using transient interaction levels from 0.0015 to 0.0025, infectivity levels from 0.10 to 0.40, and distinct recovery rates (R) from 0.01 to 0.08. As milk production is an expanding new activity worldwide, we want to emphasize that the first comprehensive studies must take into account differences in animal age, breed, and body condition score, local climate, pasture quality, day of sampling, and the period of lactation within the lactation curve to measure the health condition of donkeys. These data are considered important and will then be correlated to the parasite egg/oocyst (EPG or OoPG) counts in the feces using coproparasitological protocols (McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC), and even DNA-based techniques, to establish a novel data bank for donkeys. Target selective treatment has been proposed to be used as a routine in horses and will also be implemented in donkeys. This technique aims to reduce the number of anthelmintic treatments and, consequently, lessen parasite selection for resistance. The dynamic variations found by the SIR model are discussed in the text and should be taken into account when deciding the best health management implementation and parasite control programs. We think that more studies are needed to evaluate the basic physiological performance of donkeys in tropical areas to better understand their thermal adaptation, assuming that the animals are kept under acceptable clinical, nutritional, and housing conditions to express their resilient behavior. Cases of neglect and ill-treatment of animals must also be studied in infected conditions as well as their negative impacts. These strategies reinforce the concept of holistic farming with the possibility to improve specific informations, thereby improving the welfare of the donkeys.

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Section: Clinical and Parasitic Problems In Donkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third condition represents a severe disease transmission with a high number of infected animals and an extremely low number of recoveries. The data from Costa et al (2018) was used to run the SIR model based on the disease condition of donkeys in Brazil.…”

Section: The Mechanistic Sir Model and The Proposed Dynamics Of Parasite Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health evaluation of donkeys: parasite control methods and a model for challenge infections

Molento

Vilela

2021

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…Os asininos apresentam uma fauna parasitária constituida por mais de 100 espécies diferentes de helmintos. Dentre estes, destaca-se pela prevalência e potencial patogênico, os grandes estrôngilos e pequenos estrôngilos (ciatostomíneos) (COSTA et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Para sua utilização como modelo experimental, em atividades de entretenimento, ocupacionais e produtivas, bem como para evitar que seja reservatório disseminador de patógenos a outros organismos com os quais coabita, E. asinus precisa estar livre de uma carga parasitária considerada patogênica (COSTA et al, 2018;FERREIRA et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…02). uma preocupação crescente em bovinos(BAIAK et al, 2019); suínos(MACRELLI et al, 2019) e equinos(CANEVER et al, 2013;FELIPPELLI et al, 2015) nos constatado por Costa; Vilela e Feitosa (2018), em seu estudo com equídeos de tração do estado da Paraíba, Nordeste, Brasil no qual detectaram que em torno de 70% dos animais, dos quais 51% eram asininos, nunca haviam recebido antiparasitário e os outros 30% haviam recebido apenas uma vez, embora todos os animais já fossem adultos.Segundo questionário aplicado porCosta et al (2018), no mesmo estudo, 63,5% dos proprietários responderam que seus animais compartilhavam o ambiente com outros equídeos. Considerando-se essa realidade, se houver um manejo adequado e não havendo fatores que levem ao aparecimento da resistência, a população parasitária na espécie estudada pode contribuir para sustentar o depósito de refugia no meio ambiente, especialmente para equídeos, como próprio asinino ou mesmo o equino, espécie para a qual já é descrita algum grau de resistência à ivermectina…”

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Atualidades Na Saúde E Bem-Estar Animal, Volume 3

Rodrigues¹,

Batista²

2021

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Feasibility of selective anthelmintic therapy to horses in tropical conditions: the Cuban scenario

Gómez-Cabrera

Salas-Romero

Sifontes

et al. 2021

Trop Anim Health Prod

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For the past several decades, selective anthelmintic therapy (SAT) has been recommended in temperate climate countries for controlling gastrointestinal parasites in horses. However, the feasibility of this approach in tropical climates remains unknown, given the very different parasite transmission patterns and a larger representation of working equids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-economic feasibility of SAT in horses kept under tropical conditions of Camagüey, Cuba. Fecal egg counts were determined from 794 adult horses and used for evaluating three different putative treatment thresholds; > 500 strongylid eggs per gram of feces (EPG); > 1000 EPG; and treatments yielding > 80% of the total herd egg output. These scenarios were evaluated under three treatment frequencies (every 2, 6, and 12 months). The bio-economic feasibility of these nine possible selective anthelmintic therapy scenarios was evaluated taking into account the cost of parasitological tests, and the mean cost of anthelmintic treatment in Camagüey. The majority (96.7%) of the samples tested were positive for strongyle eggs, with a mean of 1549 EPG. The percentage of horses exceeding the cut-off points at the nine scenarios varied between 40.1 and 93.8%. All owners surveyed used extra-label anthelmintic product in their horses on a routine basis. The economic analysis demonstrated that selective therapy generally was much more costly than deworming the entire herd without determining egg counts. However, we consider that the deworming every 6 months of the horses that expel 80% of the eggs in the herd allows a reduction of the treatment intensity without increasing costs, and it can be considered as a viable selective deworming scheme under similar conditions.

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Parasitic profile of traction equids in the semi-arid climate of Paraíba State, Northeastern, Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Health evaluation of donkeys: parasite control methods and a model for challenge infections

Health evaluation of donkeys: parasite control methods and a model for challenge infections

Atualidades Na Saúde E Bem-Estar Animal, Volume 3

Feasibility of selective anthelmintic therapy to horses in tropical conditions: the Cuban scenario

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