Nematode infection among ruminants in monsoon climate (Ban-Lahanam, Lao PDR) and its role as food-borne zoonosis

Abstract

Trichostrongylids infection has gained significant public health importance since Trichostrongylus spp. infections have been reported in humans in Lao PDR. In this study, gastrointestinal nematodes were identified and the intensity of infections was determined in goats and cattle, which are animals greatly used for meat production in Lahanam Village, Lao PDR. The total number of goats and bovines was 23 and 29, respectively, pertaining to 32 households surveyed in the area. Feacal samples were randomly collected from 14 goats and 11 bovines. Ninety three percent (13/14) of goats and 36% (3/11) of cattle were infected, with an average of 1,728 and 86 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG), respectively. Coproculture showed Trichostrongylus spp. (goats 16%; bovines 48%), Haemonchus spp. (goats 69%; bovines 37%), Cooperia spp. (bovines 8%) and Oesophagostomum spp. (goats 15%; bovines 6%). After performing the necropsy on an adult goat, Trichuris spp. was also found. We confirmed the presence of Oesophagostomum spp., H. contortus and T. colubriformis by morphology and DNA sequencing analysis of the ITS region of rDNA. Due to interactions between humans and goats in Lahanam Village and high EPG results, the diagnosis of species and the intensity of gastrointestinal nematode infection in these animals are important public-health issues. Other ruminant parasites, such as Oesophagostomum and Haemonchus, found in caprines and bovines, are reported to be causes of zoonosis and their presence in humans should be investigated in future field surveys in this area.

Morphological identification of adult male Haemonchus species in goats from Thailand and Lao PDR

“…is a continuous threaten with the current infection rate being 47.62% in Thailand and 66.02% in Lao PDR. Previously, postmortem and coproculture examination in Thailand and Lao PDR recorded high infection, accounting for 86.67% (26/30) (Laosutthipong & Eardmusic, 2019) and 69% (Sato et al, 2014), respectively. This occurrence of Haemonchus spp.…”

“…including H. contortus seems to be a regular problem since the main strategies for parasite control are probably not effective as a consequence of drug resistance (Waller et al, 2004;Waller & Chandrawathani, 2005;Pralomka & Boonsanit, 2012;Sallé et al, 2019) and the ability of parasites that can adapt to variable environments in temperate and tropical climates (Troell et al, 2006). Although the losses due to the impacts of this parasite have not been officially recorded in both countries, this parasitic infection in Thailand (Laosutthipong & Eardmusic, 2019) and Lao PDR (Sato et al, 2014) has also been continually associated with a high infection rate (86.67% and 69%, respectively).…”

Resistencia y resiliencia a las enfermedades en las razas de rumiantes locales: un enfoque en América del Sur

“…Applying this information to the study of resistance, tolerance, and resilience of local ruminant breeds, these animals are expected to be more resistant or resilient to helminthiasis because they have gone through a longer period of adaptation at their place of production (Carvalho 2010;Ramos & Mariante 2011). This is especially true in the tropics, where the chance of an infestation with high parasitic load is higher (Sato et al 2014). It has been found that some ovine local breeds (Crioula Lanada and Santa Inês sheep breeds) were more resistant than exotic breeds to gastrointestinal nematode infections (Amarante et al 2004;Bricarello et al 2004).…”

The role of domestic dogs in the transmission of zoonotic helminthes in a rural area of Mekong river basin

“…The intestinal tract, from the esophagus to the rectum, was ligated and separated for counting and identification of adult worms. The recovered worms were washed in saline solution and stored in 70% ethanol for molecular analysis and formalin for morphological identification as described in previous studies (Sato et al, 2014).…”