Prevalence and zoonotic aspects of small ruminant mange in the lateritic and waterlogged zones, southern Benin

Abstract

An epidemiological survey was undertaken from March to September 2010 to assess the prevalence and zoonotic aspects of scabies in small ruminants in two agro-ecological zones in southern Benin. Small ruminant (n = 444) smallholders and 1,807 of their animals (1,233 West African dwarf goats and 574 West African dwarf sheep) were included in the study. The animals underwent physical examination and, when scabies-like lesions were found, crusts and integument scrapings were collected for microscopic parasitological tests. The samples collected in each survey were coded in accordance with the owner-animal pairings in order to assess the degree of correlation between mange cases in humans (smallholders) and their animals. The overall prevalence of scabies was 28.33% and 9.5% in animals and smallholders (human cases) respectively. Infestations were significantly (p < 0.001) more frequent in goats (39.6%) than in sheep. The uniqueness of the etiological agent (Sarcoptes scabiei), the very high predictive value of human scabies in infected farms (83.67%) and a very high odds ratio (OR = 2,019.25) indicate that small ruminant scabies has been transmitted to smallholders by their animals. Close contact between these smallholders and their animals was a determining factor in this interspecies communicability of sarcoptic mange.Keywords: Small ruminants, smallholders, scabies, zoonosis, Benin. ResumoUm estudo epidemiológico foi realizado entre março e setembro de 2010, a fim de determinar a prevalência e aspectos zoonóticos de sarna em pequenos ruminantes em duas zonas agroecológicas no Sul de Benin. Pequenos criadores (n = 444) de ruminantes e 1.807 dos seus animais (1.233 cabras e 574 ovelhas Djallonké) fizeram parte da amostra para o estudo. Os animais foram submetidos a um exame físico e, quando detectadas algumas suspeitas de lesões da sarna, crostas e amostras cutâneas foram colhidas para exames parasitológicos por microscopia de luz. As amostras colhidas em cada inquérito foram codificadas tendo como referência os donos dos animais, a fim de estabelecer/avaliar o grau de correlação entre os casos de incidência nos humanos (criadores) e os seus respectivos animais. A prevalência de sarna foi, respectivamente, 28,33% em animais e 9,5% entre os criadores (casos humanos). Infestações foram significativamente (p <0,001) mais comum em caprinos (39,6%) do que nos ovinos (4,2 %). A particularidade do agente etiológico (Sarcoptes scabiei), o alto valor preditivo de infestação nos humanos (83.67%) e o elevado valor da odds ratio (OR = 2019.25) indica um caráter zoonótico da sarna dos pequenos ruminantes. A proximidade entre homens e animais neste meio é um fator importante neste contato interespecífica da sarna sarcóptica.

Hubungan Personal Hygiene dan Status Sosial Ekonomi dengan Kejadian Skabies di Pondok Pesantren

“…Pada musim dingin prevalensi juga cenderung lebih meningkat dibandingkan musim panas (Stone et al, 2008). Di Brazil Amerika Selatan prevalensi skabies mencapai 18 % (Strina et al, 2013), dikota Benin Afrika Selatan 28,33 % (Salifou et al, 2013), di kota Enugu Nigeria 13,55 % (Emodiet al, 2013), di pulau Pinang Malaysia 31 % (Zayyid et al, 2013).…”

A New Kaempferol Glycoside with Antioxidant Activity from Chenopodium ambrosioides Growing in Egypt

“…For a long time C. ambrosioides was used traditionally for solving many health problems i.e., inflammation, diabetes, parasites, cough, typhoid, and influenza 14,15 . Reviewing the literature revealed that the different parts of C. ambrosioides showed numerous biological activities i.e., antimicrobial 16,17 , cytotoxicity 18 , antioxidant 19 , larvicidal 20 , antidiabetic 4 , antiparasitic 21 , antiviral 22 , and molluscidal 23 . Moreover, from the phytochemistry point of view C. ambrosioides is known to contain secondary metabolites i.e., saponins 24 , terpenoids 2,25,26 , flavonol glycosides 27,28 , flavone glycosides 29 , and chenopodiumamines & chenopodiumoside 30 .…”

Extraction of essential oil from inflorescences of Dysphania ambrosioides and its activity against Botrytis cinerea

“…This herb has a marked odor and is popularly known as worm seed, mastruz, goosefoot, paico or epazote (Lorenzi and Matos, 2002;Ortega-Ramirez et al, 2014). D. ambrosioides essential oil has toxic effects against fungi (Cabral et al, 2013), bacteria (Liu et al, 2013) and nematodes (Salifou et al, 2013). The major compounds found in the essential oil of D. ambrosioides are p-cymene, carvacrol, isoascaridole and ascaridoles (Monzote et al, 2014;Ávila-Blanco et al, 2014).…”