Occurrence of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in a domestic cat (Felis catus) in Andradina, São Paulo, Brazil: case report

Coelho, Willian Marinho Dourado; Lima, Valéria Marçal Felix de; Amarante, Alessandro Francisco Talamini do; Langoni, Hélio; Richini-Pereira, Virgínia Bodelão; Abdelnour, A. M.; Bresciani, Kátia Denise Saraiva

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612010000400013

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…A significant association between Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and L. infantum positivity was found only in few cases (Pennisi et al, 1998;Sobrinho et al, 2012;Spada et al, 2013). However, the review of 89 reported cases of FeL where cats were serologically tested for FIV and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) provides a 30.3% prevalence of FIV coinfection in cats with FeL and only four cats with FeLV co-infection (three of them also FIV positive) were detected (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016;Brianti et al, 2015;Britti et al, 2005;Caracappa et al, 2008;Coelho et al, 2010;Dalmau et al, 2008;Dedola et al, 2015;Fileccia, 2012;Grevot et al, 2005;Hervás et al, 1999;Ibba, 2009;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Leiva et al, 2005;Marcos et al, 2009;Migliazzo et al, 2015;Ozon et al, 1998;Pennisi et al, 2013;Pimenta et al, 2015;Pocholle et al, 2012;Poli et al, 2002;Richter et al, 2014;Rüfenacht et al, 2005;Sanches et al, 2011;Verneuil, 2013;Vides et al, 2011). Other FeL cases reported in FIV negative cats were diagnosed in animals affected by immune-mediated diseases (and treated with immunosuppressive drugs), neoplasia, or diabetes mellitus (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016;Caracappa et al, 2008;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Leiva et al, 2005;Maia et al, 2015;…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Pennisi¹,

Persichetti

2018

Veterinary Parasitology

121

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Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne zoonotic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and dogs are considered the main reservoir of the parasite. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by L. infantum is an emergent feline disease more and more frequently reported in endemic areas. This review summarizes current knowledge focusing similarities and differences with canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Cats are infected by the same Leishmania species than dogs but prevalence of the infection is lower and cases of disease are less frequently reported. Scarce information is available on adaptive immune response of cats naturally exposed to L. infantum infection and mechanisms responsible for susceptibility or resistance of feline hosts. However, about half of clinical cases of FeL are reported in cats with possible impaired immunocompetence. Coinfections or comorbidities are frequently detected in sick cats and they can contribute to a misrepresentation of clinical FeL albeit lesions associated with the presence of the parasite have been detected in skin, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, oral mucosa, stomach, large bowel, kidney, nasal exudate, lung, eye. As for dogs, skin or mucocutaneous lesions are the most common reason for veterinary consultation and finding on physical examination in cats with leishmaniosis. Molecular investigations of Leishmania DNA and anti- Leishmania antibody detection are largely used with the same methodologies for both CanL and FeL, however few information is available about their diagnostic performance in feline hosts. Treatment of cats with clinical FeL is still empirically based and off label by using the most common drugs prescribed to dogs. Life expectancy of cats with clinical FeL is usually good unless concurrent conditions or complications occur and prognosis does not seem significantly influenced by therapy or retroviral coinfection. According to current knowledge, cats can play a role as additional reservoir host of L. infantum and, in a « One Health » perspective, preventative measures should be taken. In conclusion, albeit feline infection and the associated cat disease caused by L. infantum is increasingly reported in endemic areas and have many similarities with CanL, consolidated evidence-based knowledge is not available and we cannot exclude that important differences between dogs and cats exist about transmission, immunopathogenesis and best practice for management and prevention.

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Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Pennisi¹,

Persichetti

2018

Veterinary Parasitology

121

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“…Nonetheless, the real susceptibility of cats to infection by Leishmania spp., their role as reservoir hosts, and the outcome of leishmaniosis in these animals, are poorly understood [ 19 ]. Several Leishmania species such as L. mexicana [ 20 ], L. venezuelensis [ 21 ], L. braziliensis [ 22 – 24 ], L. amazonensis [ 25 ] and L. infantum [ 15 , 26 – 29 ] have been identified to infect cats in Central and South America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and diagnostic aspects of feline cutaneous leishmaniosis in Venezuela

et al. 2018

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BackgroundVenezuela is an endemic area for human and canine leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum and parasites of the Leishmania braziliensis and L. mexicana complexes. Limited data are available on feline leishmaniosis (FeL) in this region. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and diagnostic aspects of FeL in Venezuela.ResultsThirty-one domestic cats from urban areas of Lara State in Venezuela were enrolled. Twenty-five were healthy. Six other cats had solitary or multiple nodular lesions, which were located on the nose, ears, tail and lower limbs. Cutaneous lesions were characterized by diffuse pyogranulomatous infiltrate in all sick cats with numerous intracellular and extracellular amastigotes, and immunohistochemistry was positive for Leishmania in five sick cats. All healthy cats were seronegative for L. infantum and L. braziliensis antigens by ELISA. Two out of five sick cats yielded a positive ELISA result to both Leishmania antigens with higher antibody levels to L. braziliensis compared to L. infantum. Significantly higher antibody levels by ELISA as well as a higher number of bands by Western blot (WB) were found for L. braziliensis when compared to L. infantum antigens in all sera from Venezuelan sick and healthy cats. All healthy cats were blood Leishmania spp. qPCR negative while three out of six sick cats were blood qPCR positive. All paraffin-embedded skin biopsies (n = 4) as well as cutaneous cytology (n = 3) were positive by Leishmania spp. qPCR in sick cats. Leishmania speciation was obtained only from the cutaneous lesion samples from cytological preparations of two out of three sick cats which were identified as infected with L. mexicana or a closely related specie.ConclusionsFeline leishmaniosis should be included in the differential diagnosis list of nodular-ulcerative lesions. The most reliable diagnostic technique in sick cats is cytological or histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry, since blood PCR and serology by ELISA might be negative. WB appears to be more sensitive in detecting infection. Cats with leishmaniosis from Venezuela are most likely infected with species of L. mexicana or a closely related species or the L. braziliensis species complex and not with L. infantum.

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“…2010) and facial dermatitis with scabbing and sores and in palmar and plantar areas (Coelho et al . 2010). However, the clinical diagnosis is complex and difficult because other skin diseases are common among these animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania infantum in domestic cats from the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil

et al. 2017

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S U M M A R YFeline leishmaniasis has been reported in various parts of the world in recent years, occurring mainly in areas where zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of natural infection by Leishmania spp. in domestic cats (Felis catus) in the municipality of Teresina, Piauí state, Brazil, an endemic area of VL in Brazil. The prevalence of infection by Leishmania spp. in the population under study was 4% (3/83) in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 4% (3/83) by smear observation and isolation in a culture medium, using popliteal lymphnode sample. Only one of the three infected cats was positive for ELISA, also being positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. In the haematologic parameters, normocytic normochromic anaemia was the most common change, being present in the three infected animals. In the biochemical measurements also were observed alterations in infected animals. The Leishmania spp. strains isolated from the culture medium were characterized as L. infantum. The presence of L. infantum infection in cats in the city of Teresina, an area endemic for VL, suggests the possible involvement of these animals in the epidemiological chain of L. infantum in high-transmission areas.

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Occurrence of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in a domestic cat (Felis catus) in Andradina, São Paulo, Brazil: case report

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Clinical and diagnostic aspects of feline cutaneous leishmaniosis in Venezuela

Leishmania infantum in domestic cats from the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil

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