Avaliação da leishmaniose visceral canina em Poxoréo, Estado do Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract

RESUMOO cão doméstico desempenha importante papel como reservatório na transmissão da leishmaniose visceral ao homem, zoonose de grande importância em saúde pública. Realizou-se avaliação epidemiológica da leishmaniose visceral em 1.112 cães domiciliados no município de Poxoréo, estado do Mato Grosso e observou-se prevalência de 7,8%. Observou-se ainda associação estatisticamente significativa entre a prevalência de leishmaniose visceral canina e as variáveis faixa etária, presença de sinais clínicos e presença de outra espécie animal cohabitando com os cães avaliados, tendo sido as galinhas mais freqüentemente observadas entre os animais soropositivos. O sexo, a coleta de lixo domiciliar bem como a renda familiar não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com a prevalência da leishmaniose visceral canina. A análise dos resultados sugere que cães com idade superior a sete anos e a , presença de outra espécie animal co-habitando com os cães podem ser fatores de risco para a leishmaniose visceral canina. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fatores de risco, epidemiologia, prevalência, cães. INTRODUÇÃOAs leishmanioses são causadas por protozoários do gêne-ro Leishmania, parasita que infecta grande número de mamí-feros, inclusive o ser humano, e cuja transmissão depende da picada de flebotomíneos. A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é a forma mais severa da doença e invariavelmente leva ao óbito, se não tratada (GRAMICCIA; GRADONI, 2005). O baixo padrão de vida da população, a maior densidade dos flebotomíneos e cães infectados são fatores predisponentes para implantação desta zoonose (ALENCAR, 1983; BADARÓ et al., 1986;MONTEIRO et al., 1994). A leishmaniose visceral humana nem sempre obedece a uma distribuição espacial paralela a do calazar canino, porém as infecções caninas são mais freqüentes que as humanas e normalmente as precedem (PARANHOS-SILVA et al., 1996).No Brasil, a LV ocorre endemicamente em várias regiões e tem apresentado expansão e urbanização, porém há pouco Dogs play an important role as reservoir in the domestic cycle of visceral leishmaniasis, a serious public health problem. An epidemiological survey in 1,112 dogs was conducted at the Municipality of Poxoréo State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test where the prevalence was 7.8%. Significant association was found between prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis and age of the dogs. Clinical signs and presence of other animals in the backyard, like chicken being more likely associated with seropositivity. Gender, garbage collection in the residence and family financial income were not associated with visceral leishmaniasis prevalence. Analysis of the results suggests that dogs aging more than 7 years and presence of another animal species co-inhabiting with the dogs may be risk factors for canine visceral leishmaniasis.

Prevalence and risk factors for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease in the canine population of the tourist city of Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil

“…The prevalence by region ranged from 0.9% to 4.8%; the highest concentration of positives was in Region 1, with eight reagent dogs (4.8%). The prevalence of VL in the canine population of Ibiúna, SP was lower than that previously reported by Azevedo et al (2008) in Poxoréo, MT (7.8%), by Silva and Braga (2008) in São Vicente Férrer, PE (12.3%) or by in Brumadinho, MG (10.1%). However, Martins (2008) and Barboza et al (2009) reported VL frequencies of 1.9% (in Maceio, AL), and 0.7% (in Salvador), respectively, which are lower than our findings in the current study.…”

“…Barboza et al (2006) found a significant association between the presence of pigs in areas surrounding homes and the risk of infection of dogs by L. chagasi. Moreira et al (2003) have also reported a correlation between risk of infection and the presence of pigs and chickens, and Azevedo et al (2008) reported a significant association between raising chickens and the seropositivity of dogs. Although there is no evidence that pigs and poultry are L. chagasi reservoirs, these species favor the breeding of sand flies, which in turn leads to increased risk of infection of dogs.…”

“…This is because the disease is more prevalent in dogs than it is in humans: human cases are usually preceded by canine cases because dogs have a higher amount of parasites in the skin than humans do, which favors infection by vectors (SANTA ROSA; OLIVEIRA, 1997;BANETH, 2006).…”

Seroepidemiology of Leishmania infantum in dogs in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

“…Confirmed diagnosis can be achieved with parasitological, serologic, or molecular tests (BANETH, 2006;MARCONDES et al, 2011;VERAS et al, 2014). The TR-DPP® technique and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the serologic tests recommended by the Ministry of Health in Brazil, to be applied in seroprevalence studies done with canine samples or surveyed census (BRASIL, 2008).…”

“…Strategies that can reduce the spread of canine leishmaniasis include strict control of dogs' movement, implementation of mandatory serological diagnosis, mandatory reporting of positive canine cases, and education of both dog owners and veterinarians working in public and private institutions ) CVL serum epidemiological results from different regions of Brazil range from 1 to 65% (AZEVEDO et al, 2008;TASCA et al, 2009;ASSIS et al, 2010). These numbers vary with the region studied, diagnostic technique, and methodology applied.…”