Complicações durante a internação de receptores de transplante renal

Abstract

The objective of the study was to identify the complications in patients that have received a renal transplant. A Historical cohort performed in a university hospital from January/2007 through January/2009 with a sample of 179 patients; data collected retrospectively from the medical history of patients and submitted to statistical analyses. Mean age of patients was 43 (SD=13.7) years, 114 (63.7%) men, 95 (65.1%) non smokers and 118(66.93%) received the graft from a deceased donor. The main complications were rejection 68 (32.1%) and infection 62 (29.2%). There was statistical significance between rejection and median days of hospital stay (p < 0.001); days of use of central venous catheter (p = 0.010) and smoking status (p = 0.008); infection and central venous catheter (p = 0.029); median days of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and time of use of urinary catheter (p = 0.009). It was concluded that it is important to reduce the days of hospital stay and permanence of catheters, which may be considered in the planning of nursing care.

<b>Incidence of urinary infection among kidney-transplant recipients

“…The sample used in the study, despite being from a single transplant center, is representative of the profile of patients in renal replacement therapy, where the data are in accordance with a study conducted in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, in 2013, where among the most frequent causes of IRC, stand out arterial hypertension (24%), Glomerulonephritis (24%) and Diabetes mellitus (17%) (Correa et al, 2013).…”

“…The most prevalent were: urinary tract infections (ITU) (31.3%), cytomegalovirus infections (CMV) (12%), surgical site infections (10.3%), herpes virus infections (9.1%), respiratory tract infections (RTI) (5.2%) and bloodstream infections (ICS) (4.3%). Cold ischemia time and the use of kidneys from deceased donors were considerable risk factors for the occurrence of these infectious episodes (Correa et al, 2013 Urinary tract infection (ITU) is the most common bacterial infection in renal transplantation, with a variable incidence of 6-86% of the recipients. Such variable incidence can be attributed to differences in the definition of ITU, being by method of collection of urine and use or not of antibiotic prophylaxis in the postoperative period.…”

“…The most common complications related to ITU after renal Tx are: sepsis (occurring in 40 to 60% transplanted patients); reinfection (usually occurs by a pathogen different from that of the previous infection) and chronic rejection (whose risk increases after three years of transplantation) and cytomegalovirus infection (which is very common after a febrile ITU episode) (Correa et al, 2013).…”

Critical incidents of people with kidney transplants: discovered situations

“…13 Passing the first moments experienced with the kidney transplant during the intra and postsurgical period, the person begins a process of adaptation with the new therapeutic modality. Thus, changes in their activities occur, since the treatment makes it possible to regain the freedom that was prevented by the CRF.…”

“…13 So much so that the nursing care directed toward the transplantation patients contributes to the reduction of the risk of kidney rejection. 4 Nurses can be professionals capable of acting in this context, becoming one of those responsible for the maintenance of the transplanted organ.…”