Is there any difference between “amateur” and “recreational” runners? A latent class analysis

Thuany, Mabliny; Gomes, Thayse Natacha; Almeida, Marcos Bezerra de

doi:10.1590/s1980-65742020000400140

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previous studies usually reported health as an important factor associated with involvement in running, in a non-professional context [28,29]. Among Brazilian runners, similar results have been observed, with runners pointing to "health" and proxy factors as driving their motivation to begin running [28,30,31]. Regarding the socioeconomic status, we found that high income was inversely related to performance in non-professional runners [32].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Individual and Economic Characteristics as Determinants of Brazilian Runners’ Motivation

et al. 2021

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Due to differences in runners’ profiles, which can be related to sociodemographic characteristics, motivations for running can vary. This study aimed to identify Brazilian runners’ motivations for their practice, and the factors associated among runners who point to look for performance improvement as their main motivation. The sample comprised 1097 non-professional road runners. The questionnaire “Profile characterization and associated factors for runner’s performance” was used. The results showed that the oldest athletes and those with the highest income levels presented lower likelihood of reporting performance improvement as their main motivation for taking part in running. In terms of income level, results showed that as this increased, there was a lower chance of getting involved in practice with a focus on incremental improvements in performance. Differences between sexes were also observed, with men more likely to indicate performance improvement as their motivation for running. In Brazil, most runners reported “health” as their main motivation for running. Women, older runners, and those with higher income levels were less likely to point to performance improvements as their main motivation for taking up running.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Individual and Economic Characteristics as Determinants of Brazilian Runners’ Motivation

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, variables derived from the environments where athletes originate [8,9], namely aspects such as training structure [10], birthplace [11], family and coach support [12], and country economic indicators [13,14], have emerged as relevant predictors of athletic performance. Despite the relevance of subject-centred approaches [15,16], previous research has focused largely on aiming to understand the role of contextual variables in sports success [17,18], and results revealed that socioeconomic factors such as population size, Human Development Index, and gross domestic product seemed to be significantly associated with performance [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Are the Best European Road Runners and What Are the Country Variables Related to It?

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Background: The environment can play a relevant role in performance in runners. This study aimed to verify the distribution of the best European road runners across the continent, and to investigate variables related to country representatives in the European Senior outdoor top list 2019. Methods: The sample comprised 563 European runners, aged 18–48 years, ranked in the European Senior outdoor top list 2019 for distances of 10–42 km. Country-related variables were gross domestic product (GDP), competition place, population size, and sports investment. The countries were categorized as “top ten countries” or “other countries”. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: The United Kingdom showed the highest prevalence of runners in the ranking (men—17.6%; women—23.0%), followed by Spain (male ranking—12.1%) and Germany (female ranking—8.6%). For men, sports investment (OR = 1.13; CI95% = 1.03–1.28) and country GDP (OR = 0.96; CI95% = 0.93–0.98) showed an association with the chances of the athlete to reach the Top 10 ranking, while among women, the only variable significantly related was the competition venue (OR = 3.97; CI95% = 1.40–11.23). Conclusion: As in other sports considered “non-expensive”, the economic and demographic characteristics of the place where athletes train can provide advantages in performance.

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“…On the other hand, for "adults" group, it was observed a significant predictor role of anthropometric and training characteristics in the performance. Regarding the BMI, previous studies indicated an inverse relationship between this health indicator and running performance (Sedeaud et al, 2014;Mooses and Hackney, 2017;Thuany et al, 2020a). Given running is a "sensitive weight sport" (Silva, 2019), body mass is a key component of energy expenditure in running, making heavier subjects spend more energy to run (Sedeaud et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported in counts (1-7 train/week). Based in previous studies that showed most of the recreational runners train at least three times/week (Fonseca et al, 2019;Thuany et al, 2020a), runners were split in the following groups: "at last 3 sessions/week" or "more than 3 sessions/week. "…”

Section: Training Frequency/weekmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aiming to understand these trends, researchers have paying attention on changes in runners' profile (Breuer et al, 2013), and also on runners' performance, trying to point out variables possibly related to this performance (Kozlovskaia et al, 2019;Thuany et al, 2020a). In this context, different anthropometric (Maciejczyk et al, 2014;Muñoz et al, 2020), physiological (Neves et al, 2019;Molinari et al, 2020), biomechanical (Willy and Paquette, 2019), psychosocial (Boullosa et al, 2020), training (Torres et al, 2020), and environmental variables have been investigated, regardless of age, distance, and/or the level of performance of these athletes (Muñoz et al, 2020;Thuany et al, 2020a). In general, studies show that most of the runners were male, with high socioeconomic level (Breuer et al, 2013), and that physiological indexes (VO 2máx , anaerobic threshold and running economy) are important to running performance (Barnes and Kilding, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Individual and Environmental Characteristics Associated With Running Performance in Female Runners of Different Age Categories?

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The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and environmental predictors associated with performance in female runners of different ages. The sample comprised 440 female Brazilian runners, who answered an online questionnaire, that provided information regarding height, weight, age (categories: “young adult”, “adult”, “early middle-age”, and “older adults”), socioeconomic status, and training characteristics (frequency and volume per week, running pace, race event, and running club participation). Information about environmental variables was obtained from the official institutes and comprised the human development index (HDI), athletics events, athletic tracks, and female homicide. A linear regression model, clustered by state and performed by age groups, was computed. The sample presented a mean running pace of 5:57min/km, and a mean BMI of 23.51kg/m−2. An increase in running pace and volume/week was observed with increasing age. In “young adults”, any of the variables were significantly associated with the performance. In “adult” group, only individual characteristics were statistically significantly related with the performance. In “early middle-age”, besides BMI (β=5.72; 95%CI=3.65–7.79) and training volume (β=−0.67; 95%CI=−1.07 − −0.27), the HDI was associated with the performance (β=−23.30; 95%CI=−44.11 − −2.49). In older adults, it was found an association between socioeconomic status (β=−19.47; 95%CI=−32.29 − −6.65), practice time (β=142.92; 95%CI=89.34–196.50), running event participation (β=−80.12; 95%CI=−114.35− −45.88), athletic events (β=33.44; 95%CI=15.16–51.72), and female homicide (β=−0.11; 95%CI=−0.17 − −0.05) with the performance, highlighting the influence of both individual and environmental characteristics. Information about the role of these constraints, and their relationships, in female runners’ performance, can be used to guide the development of projects/strategies aiming to increase their involvement in physical activities and sports practice, through the promotion of a more “friendly environment” to women, and providing support for decision-makers when suggesting/implementing public policies.

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Is there any difference between “amateur” and “recreational” runners? A latent class analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Individual and Economic Characteristics as Determinants of Brazilian Runners’ Motivation

Individual and Economic Characteristics as Determinants of Brazilian Runners’ Motivation

Where Are the Best European Road Runners and What Are the Country Variables Related to It?

Are Individual and Environmental Characteristics Associated With Running Performance in Female Runners of Different Age Categories?

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