Cognitive training based on metamemory and mental images: Follow-up evaluation and booster training effects

Abstract

-In the second semester of 2008, 37 seniors participated in five cognitive training sessions based on creation of imagery and modification of self-efficacy for memory tasks. Objective: To carry out a followup evaluation after 18 months in order to detect possible maintenance of gains reported in the first post-test, namely, in measures of self-efficacy and episodic memory, and to evaluate the impact of a training booster, that is, test whether there are additional gains when training is offered for the second time to the same participants. Methods: 16 older adults agreed to participate in five training sessions for the second time. Participants were evaluated with the Mini Mental Status Examination -MMSE, the Geriatric Depression Scale -GDS, the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery -BCSB (naming and memorization of 10 pictures, animal category verbal fluency test, the Clock Drawing Test -CDT), the Story subtest from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test -RBMT, the Memory Complaint Questionnaire -MAC-Q, and the Picture and Story domains from the Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire -MSEQ used to evaluate the effectiveness of the first intervention. Results: This study reports the maintenance of the effects generated by the original training conducted in 2008, and follow-up evaluations detected the presence of potential additional gains in some aspects of memory. Conclusions: Training boosters may help maintain cognitive stability in adulthood and old age.

Cognitive Improvement in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from a Multi-Strategic Metamemory Training

“…A follow up study with a larger sample size of healthy adults and brain imaging replicated the transfer effects of the MMT and brain structural changes further support the initial evidence of these effects [6]. These previous results suggest that metamemory, an understanding of how memory works and monitoring of one's memory processing, could facilitate the effects of mnemonic strategies and lead to improvement of older adults' cognitive function including memory function [7,8]. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that MMT would lead to improvement of cognitive function in older adults with MCI by increasing meta-cognitive function.…”

Trienio de memória em idosos saudáveis: uma revisão da literatura.

“…Dentre as considerações expostas encontram-se: i) escassez de estudos na área do envelhecimento com foco nos efeitos do treino cognitivo na preservação da memória (Carvalho et al, 2009;Chariglione & Janczura, 2013;Irigaray et al, 2011;Irigaray et al, 2016;Lima-Silva et al, 2013;Netto et al, 2011;Sandberg et al, 2014;Yassuda et al, 2006); ii) necessidade de mais estudos na área do envelhecimento versus funcionamento cognitivo e declínio da memória (Almeida et al, 2007;Aramaki & Yassuda, 2011;Carvalho et al, 2009;Cavallini et al, 2015;Chariglione & Janczura, 2013;Coelho, et al, 2012;Dasí et al, 2008;Foss et al, 2010;Fratti et al, 2011;Guerreiro et al, 2006;Irigaray et al, 2011;Irigaray et al, 2016;Lima-Silva & Yassuda, 2009;Lima-Silva & Yassuda, 2010;Lima-Silva et al, 2010;Lima-Silva et al, 2013;Maseda et al, 2013;Netto et al, 2011;Netto et al, 2012;Paulo & Yassuda, 2009;Penner et al, 2012;Ribeiro et al, 2009;Rojas & Villanea, 2014;Sandberg et al 2014;Santos et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2014;Souza et al, 2009;Teixeira-Fabrício et al, 2012;Yassuda et al, 2006). Os últimos autores realçaram que os estudos devem ser longitudinais de base populacional.…”

Educação e envelhecimento: contribuições da perspectiva Life-Span

“…Estudos sobre a inteligência na idade adulta vêm confirmando esses achados ao demonstrar que, a partir de treino cognitivo, indivíduos idosos podem melhorar seu desempenho (Aramaki & Yassuda, 2011;Brum, Forlenza & Yassuda, 2009;Fillit et al, 2002;Lima-Silva et al, 2010;Schaie, 1979). A participação em ambientes estimulantes e a presença de oportunidades de desenvolvimento têm-se demonstrado fundamentais para um melhor desempenho intelectual ao longo da vida (Schaie, 1979;Yassuda & Silva, 2010).…”