Prevalence of treatable and reversible dementias: A study in a dementia outpatient clinic

Bello, Valeska Maria Eboli; Schultz, Rodrigo Rizek

doi:10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05010008

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Prevalence rates of ARD in hospitals and clinics have been reported to account for 10% to 24% of all dementias subtypes (16, 20). Reports from neurology and memory clinics suggest lower rates of ARD in dementia cases, around 3% - 5%, indicating less referral to these centers (21, 22). Older studies have suggested that of all cases of dementia, ARD accounts to approximately 10% (23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol-Related Dementia and Neurocognitive Impairment: A Review Study

Sachdeva¹,

Chandra

Choudhary

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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ContextAlcohol consumption has escalated rapidly in many countries over the past decade. Evidence suggests a correlation between alcohol use and cognitive decline. We have systematically reviewed the concept and controversies, epidemiology, nosology, neuropathology and neurobiology, neuropsychology and management updates of alcohol-related dementia (ARD) in this paper.Evidence AcquisitionWe retrieved papers for this review by searching the PubMed database for terms “alcohol and dementia”, “alcohol and cognitive impairment”, and “alcohol and wernicke-korsakoff” mentioned in the title of the published papers. A total of 131 studies showed up. Appropriate studies were shortlisted and included (n = 72). Cross-references if relevant were considered from the selected studies. Eligible articles were fully read by the authors and the results were compiled.ResultsThe prolonged and excessive use of alcohol may lead to structural and functional brain damage, leading to ARD. The cognitive deficits are most frequently observed in domains of visuospatial functions, memory and executive tasks, with a potential of partial recovery if abstinence is maintained. However, there are doubts regarding the etiopathogenesis, nosological status, prevalence and diagnostic criteria for ARD, due to difficulty in assessment and various confounding factors.ConclusionsWith growing cohort of young and middle-aged people, there is a probable risk of upsurge of ARD. Presently, there are dilemmas over the diagnosis of independent ARD. Thus, there is a need to develop evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management of ARD through further systematic studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol-Related Dementia and Neurocognitive Impairment: A Review Study

Sachdeva¹,

Chandra

Choudhary

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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“…While 1/5 of dementia cases can be reversible in some cases when caused by drugs, alcohol, hormone imbalances, or depression, a significant proportion of individuals suffer from dementias that are irreversible [ 34 ]. The most common irreversible dementia types include Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia [ 35 ].…”

Section: In Vivo Preclinical Studies Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurohealth Properties ofHericium erinaceusMycelia Enriched with Erinacines

Lee

Tzeng³

et al. 2018

Behavioural Neurology

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Hericium erinaceus, an ideal culinary-medicinal mushroom, has become a well-established candidate in promoting positive brain and nerve health-related activities by inducing the nerve growth factor from its bioactive ingredient. Among its active compounds, only erinacine A has confirmed pharmacological actions in the central nervous system in rats. Hence, this review has summarized the available information on the neurohealth properties of H. erinaceus mycelia enriched with erinacines, which may contribute to further research on the therapeutic roles of these mycelia. The safety of this mushroom has also been discussed. Although it has been difficult to extrapolate the in vivo studies to clinical situations, preclinical studies have shown that there can be improvements in ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression if H. erinaceus mycelia enriched with erinacines are included in daily meals.

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“…Prevalence studies of dementia subtypes in nursing homes have reported ARD to account for 10% to 24% of all dementias [43,47,48], which is likely higher than in the general population. Rates of ARD in dementia cases identified in neurology and memory clinics tend to be lower (around 3% to 5% [49,50]), which may indicate the lack of referrals of these patients to such clinics. Rates of ARD of around 10% were found in an English epidemiological study of younger-onset dementia in specific London districts (onset of less than 65 years) [51].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Alcohol-related Cognitive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol-related dementia: an update of the evidence

Ridley

Draper

Withall

2013

Alzheimers Res Ther

222

214

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The characteristics of dementia relating to excessive alcohol use have received increased research interest in recent times. In this paper, the neuropathology, nosology, epidemiology, clinical features, and neuropsychology of alcohol-related dementia (ARD) and alcohol-induced persisting amnestic syndrome (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, or WKS) are reviewed. Neuropathological and imaging studies suggest that excessive and prolonged use of alcohol may lead to structural and functional damage that is permanent in nature; however, there is debate about the relative contributions of the direct toxic effect of alcohol (neurotoxicity hypothesis), and the impact of thiamine deficiency, to lasting damage. Investigation of alcohol-related cognitive impairment has been further complicated by differing definitions of patterns of alcohol use and associated lifestyle factors related to the abuse of alcohol. Present diagnostic systems identify two main syndromes of alcohol-related cognitive impairment: ARD and WKS. However, 'alcohol-related brain damage' is increasingly used as an umbrella term to encompass the heterogeneity of these disorders. It is unclear what level of drinking may pose a risk for the development of brain damage or, in fact, whether lower levels of alcohol may protect against other forms of dementia. Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with ARD typically have a younger age of onset than those with other forms of dementia, are more likely to be male, and often are socially isolated. The cognitive profile of ARD appears to involve both cortical and subcortical pathology, and deficits are most frequently observed on tasks of visuospatial function as well as memory and higher-order (executive) tasks. The WKS appears more heterogeneous in nature than originally documented, and deficits on executive tasks commonly are reported in conjunction with characteristic memory deficits. Individuals with alcohol-related disorders have the potential to at least partially recover - both structurally and functionally - if abstinence is maintained. In this review, considerations in a clinical setting and recommendations for diagnosis and management are discussed.

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Prevalence of treatable and reversible dementias: A study in a dementia outpatient clinic

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Alcohol-Related Dementia and Neurocognitive Impairment: A Review Study

Alcohol-Related Dementia and Neurocognitive Impairment: A Review Study

Neurohealth Properties ofHericium erinaceusMycelia Enriched with Erinacines

Alcohol-related dementia: an update of the evidence

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