Reeducação postural global e alongamento estático segmentar na melhora da flexibilidade, força muscular e amplitude de movimento: um estudo comparativo

Abstract

RESUMO: Exercícios de alongamento são usados para aumentar a flexibilidade e amplitude de movimento (ADM). Entre os métodos existentes, destacam-se a reeducação postural global (RPG), que promove o alongamento global das cadeias musculares, e o alongamento segmentar, que alonga um músculo ou grupo muscular específico. Este estudo visou comparar o alongamento segmentar e o global pela técnica de RPG quanto ao ganho de flexibilidade, ADM e força muscular. Trinta mulheres foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=10 em cada): o grupo global fez alongamento de cadeias musculares; o grupo segmentar realizou alongamento segmentar; e o grupo controle não fez alongamento. Antes e depois do tratamento, em todos os grupos, foram avaliadas a ADM de extensão da perna, flexibilidade pelo teste 3o dedo-solo e força isométrica de flexão da perna em 45°e 90°. Os dois grupos experimentais realizaram oito sessões de alongamento de 30 minutos cada, duas vezes por semana. Toda a análise estatística foi realizada com p<0,05. Os resultados dos grupos global e segmentar foram semelhantes entre si e superiores aos do grupo controle na ADM, flexibilidade e força muscular em 45° e 90° (p<0,05). Na avaliação intra-sessões, os dois grupos também tiveram desempenhos semelhantes, com ganho relativo da ADM maior nas primeiras e decrescendo ao longo das sessões. Ambas as técnicas de alongamento foram pois igualmente eficientes no aumento de flexibilidade, ADM e força muscular. DESCRITORES:Amplitude de movimento articular; Elasticidade; Exercícios de alongamento muscular; Força muscular ABSTRACT: Stretching exercises are prescribed to increase flexibility and range of motion (ROM). Two current stretching methods are the global posture reeducation (GPR), where muscle chains are stretched, and segmentary exercises, where a single muscle or muscle group is stretched. The aim of this study was to compare these two techniques, assessing their effects on improving flexibility, ROM and muscle strength. Thirty women were randomly distributed into three groups (n=10 each): global group performed stretching following GPR method; segment group performed segment stretching exercises; and control group did no exercise. Before and after treatment, in all groups, knee extension ROM, flexibility by means of the fingertip-to-floor test, and isometric muscular strength at 45° and 90° knee flexion were measured. Each treated group performed eight stretching 30-minute sessions for four weeks, twice a week. Data were statistically analysed and the significance level set at p<0.05. Global and segment group results were similar and better than control group's concerning ROM, flexibility and muscle strength at 45° and 90° knee flexion (p<0.05). When assessing improvement inter-sessions, both groups had better ROM improvement at the first sessions, decreasing along the others. Both global and segmentary stretching techniques were hence found effective in improving flexibility, ROM and leg muscle strength.

Effect of global postural re-education and isostretching in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial

“…These results agree with those of Macedo et al (26), who administered 20 isostretching sessions with nine female patients with low back pain, given that both showed a statistically signi icant improvement in the strength of trunk extensors. These results also agree with indings of Rosary et al (29), which showed improved muscle strength in ten women with eight RPG sessions, where postures were administered in the coxo-femoral angle opening and closure.…”

“…Both techniques achieved signi icant results compared to the control group, reinforcing the results of this study. In the present study, however, despite the indings corroborating Rosario et al's (29), there was no statistically signi icant difference when comparing the results of both methods.…”

“…This method emphasizes that the tension on a muscle group can re lect on changes and compensation in the entire chain (29). Thus, this technique aims to correct muscle compensation, dealing with the cause to the effect (30).…”

“…With the wide spread adoption of this method, which was created by Philippe Emmanuel Souchard in 1987 (28), studies were stimulated that would substantiate justi ication of its application. Some research highlighted the bene its of the GPR in patients with spinal pain (31), in postural changes (31 -33), lexibility improvement (29,34,35), increased range of motion (29,34) muscle strength (29), functional capacity (36), and reduction of the intensity of pain (36) and stiffness (35).…”

Análise quantitativa do tratamento da escoliose idiopática com o método klapp por meio da biofotogrametria computadorizada

“…Rosário et al 35 compared the use of global strecthing using PGR to passive and self-passive segment stretching of the muscles that form the posterior muscle chain, and observed that the improvements in flexibility of these muscles in individuals without musculoskeletal injuries ocurred with both techniques. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas et al 36 also observed improvements in flexibility, as assessed by the degree of lumbar flexion, in subjects with ankylosing spondylitis using PGR and segment stretching, as well .…”