2011
DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000100014
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Abstract: OBJECTIVE:To analyze cytokine gene expression in keratinocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).INTRODUCTION:Keratinocytes represent 95% of epidermal cells and can secrete several cytokines.METHODS:Keratinocytes were obtained by laser microdissection from 21 patients with SLE (10 discoid and 11 acute lesions) at involved and uninvolved sites. All patients were receiving a low/moderate prednisone dose and 18 were receiving chloroquine diphosphate. IL-2, IL-5, TNF-α and IFN-γ gene expression… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(18 citation statements)
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(24 reference statements)
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“…This in turn results in further downstream activation of signaling pathways and production of proinflammatory cytokines (15,40). In fact, multiple autoimmune disorders are characterized by elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies (41)(42)(43). To date, numerous studies and clinical trials have focused on addressing circulating self-RNA and DNA, TLR activation, proinflammatory cytokines and circulating autoantibodies (16).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This in turn results in further downstream activation of signaling pathways and production of proinflammatory cytokines (15,40). In fact, multiple autoimmune disorders are characterized by elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies (41)(42)(43). To date, numerous studies and clinical trials have focused on addressing circulating self-RNA and DNA, TLR activation, proinflammatory cytokines and circulating autoantibodies (16).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, IL-15 and IL-10, which are secreted by T helper cells as well, are also produced by keratinocytes and dendritic cells in the skin [4], and are accordingly detected in the activated spent media (Figure 2). It should be noted that IL-2 and IL-5 were reportedly detected, at the transcriptome level, in keratinocytes from healthy and lupus human skin in the minority of individuals [37]. Such publications, however, are rare.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is possible that IL-5 may have an immunomodulatory function in MS, as relapsing-remitting MS patients treated with glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) showed reduced relapse frequency with a concomitant increase in IL-5 producing T cells 91 . In SLE patients with severe skin involvement, IFN-γ and IL-5 were the most commonly overexpressed cytokines in skin lesions, implying that both Th1 and Th2 subsets may be involved in the pathophysiology of SLE inflammation 92 . However, an earlier report suggests that IL-5 may play a protective role as overexpression of IL-5 in SLE-prone mice suppresses the disease 93 .…”
Section: Th2 Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%