Importance of Angiographic Study in Preoperative Planning of Conjoined Twins: Case Report

Medical Miracle in Indianola, Mississippi: The Untold Story of Dr. Clinton Battle and the Indianola Conjoined / Matthews Siamese Twins

“…They occur in approximately one in 50,000 or so live births [1]. The majority do not survive long-term [20].…”

Medical Miracle in Indianola, Mississippi: The Untold Story of Dr. Clinton Battle and the Indianola Conjoined / Matthews Siamese Twins

“…Conjoined twins, also referred to as Siamese twins, are very rare congenital malformations [8]. They occur in approximately one in 50,000 or so live births [1]. The majority do not survive long-term [20].…”

“…Conjoined twins, a rare phenomenon in which identical twins are joined in utero, are estimated to occur in the range of 1 in 50,000 births to 1 in 200,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in Southwest Asia and Africa [1]. Approximately half are stillborn, whereas a smaller percentage of couplets are born alive but have abnormalities incompatible with life [2,3].…”

A rare presentation of heteropagus conjoined twin: a case report with review of literature

“…The parasite is not completely formed and may only be evident by supernumerary limbs. The spectrum of heteropagus twinning may present depending on the site of union and the extent of damage of one embryo resulting in (1) an externally attached parasitic twin, (2) an enclosed fetus in fetu, (3) an internal teratoma, or (4) an acardiac connected via the placenta. 1 It is believed that heteropagus twins occur because of some form of ischemic insult in early gestation that leads to selective atrophy and resorption of the cranial part of one of the monozygous twins.…”

“…The incidence of conjoined twins worldwide ranges from 1 in 50000 to 1 in 100,000 with a current prevalence of 1.47 in 100000 births 1 with a slightly higher incidence in Southwest Asia, Africa and Brazil. 2 Conjoined twins are usually of the symmetrical variety but at times they may be asymmetrical called heteropagus or parasitic twins. Parasitic twins constitute only 4.5% of all conjoined twins 3 of which epigastric heteropagus twins are the rarest of them all.…”