Physical-chemical characteristics of whitening toothpaste and evaluation of its effects on enamel roughness

Abstract

This in vitro study evaluated the physical-chemical characteristics of whitening toothpastes and their effect on bovine enamel after application of a bleaching agent (16% carbamide peroxide). Physical-chemical analysis was made considering mass loss by desiccation, ash content and pH of the toothpastes. Thirty bovine dental enamel fragments were prepared for roughness measurements. The samples were subjected to bleaching treatments and simulated brushing: G1. Sorriso Dentes Brancos (Conventional toothpaste), G2. Close-UP Whitening (Whitening toothpaste), and G3. Sensodyne Branqueador (Whitening toothpaste). The average roughness (Ra) was evaluated prior to the bleaching treatment and after brushing. The results revealed differences in the physical-chemical characteristics of the toothpastes (p < 0.0001). The final Ra had higher values (p < 0.05) following the procedures. The mean of the Ra did not show significant differences, considering toothpaste groups and bleaching treatment. Interaction (toothpaste and bleaching treatment) showed significant difference (p < 0.0001). The whitening toothpastes showed differences in their physical-chemical properties. All toothpastes promoted changes to the enamel surface, probably by the use of a bleaching agent.

Clinical Evaluation of the Whitening Effect of Over-the-Counter Dentifrices on Vital Teeth

“…Few studies in the literature have evaluated the relationship between brushing with toothpastes proposed to bleach vital teeth and the efficacy of these products to obtain significant results (6,(8)(9)(10)(13)(14)(15). However, there were some randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of different whitening toothpastes (6,8,13,19).…”

“…Studies also reveal that certain whitening dentifrices containing hydrogen peroxide and carbamide may produce lesions on the enamel surface (10)(11)(12). However, there are few studies addressing the clinical efficacy of whitening dentifrices (13)(14)(15).…”

Are Desensitizing Toothpastes Equally Biocompatible and Effective Against Microorganisms?

“…Some studies have evaluated the relationship between the abrasive potential of toothpastes and changes on the enamel surface (7,10,23). The frequency and intensity that individuals make use of toothpastes varies due to hygiene habits and personal characteristics of each individual, as well as, the force applied during the brushing, period of each brushing and hardness of the toothbrushes.…”

Çocuk Di̇ş Macunlarinin Süt Di̇şi̇ Mi̇ne Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzeri̇ne Etki̇si̇ni̇n i̇n Vi̇tro Olarak Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

“…Diş macunları bakteri plağı ve yüzeyel lekelenmeleri uzaklaştırmalı fakat diş sert dokularında ve restoratif materyallerde çok az abrazyon ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü oluşturmalıdır 5 . Ancak aşındırıcılara bağlı mine yüzeyinin sertliğinde azalmalar ve pürüzlenmeler bildirilmektedir 6 . Bakteri plağı ve dışsal renklenmeleri uzaklaştırmak amacıyla diş macunlarına katılan aşındırıcıların oluşturduğu pürüzlen-meler, bakteri plağı tutunma indeksini (0,2 μm) geçmemelidir 7,8 .…”

“…Meydana gelen erozyonla birlikte diş macunlarının neden olduğu abrazyon üst üste gelerek mineral kaybını arttırmaktadır 9 . Ayrıca mineral kayıpları, diş sert dokularının yapısına, kullanılan diş macununun yapısına, diş fırçasına uygulanan kuvvet ve fırçalama süresine bağlı olarak da değişkenlik göstermektedir 6,10 . Diş sert dokularının yüzey pürüzlülüğünün değerlendi-rildiği araştırmalarda, insan daimi ve süt dişlerinde ayrıca sığır süt ve daimi dişlerinde abraziv özellikli materyallerin etkileri gösterilmiş olmasına rağ-men 7,10,[11][12][13][14] , süt dişlerinin mine yüzey pürüzlülüğüne süt dişlerinde kullanılan diş macunlarının etkisini gösteren araştırmaya rastlanmamıştır.…”