Comparison among dental, skeletal and chronological development in HIV-positive children: a radiographic study

Abstract

The goal of this study was to evaluate skeletal, dental and chronological development in an HIV-positive group of children, as compared with a control group, during a four-year period. Panoramic radiographs and hand and wrist radiographs of 60 children were taken. The children, of both sexes, aged 5 years and 2 months to 15 years and 5 months, were selected as follows: 30 HIV-positive volunteers who had acquired the disease vertically, and 30 volunteers who did not present the HIV infection or any other systemic disease. All radiographs were technically standardized and analyzed according to criteria established by Nolla (dental age), Greulich and Pyle (bone age), and Eklöf and Ringertz (bone age). The results were submitted to Student's t-test at a 5% level of significance. Based on the comparison between the chronological age and the dental or the skeletal age, significant differences were observed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children, both in 1999 and in 2003 (p < or = 0.05). Considering the results obtained with the methodology used, it was concluded that HIV-positive children of both sexes presented delayed bone development despite the administration of antiretroviral drugs, and that HIV-positive female children presented younger dental ages compared with their chronological ages in 1999 and in 2003; and HIV-positive males, in 1999.

Comparative Analysis between Three Methods of Bone Estimating Age in Individuals with Down Syndrome by Mode of the Hand and Wrist Ray

“…It is possible that this fact is due to the higher incidence of bone disease in these individuals, for example, vitamin D deficiency, also known as rickets, therefore, leads to a reduction of osteoblastic activity, therefore, there may be a defective growth of bones. 14,18,20 The mathematical equations generated by multiple linear regression analysis are shown below: Eklöf & Ringertz (1966). So in addition to verify which method of estimation of bone age is more accurate to chronological age, the equations generated by multiple linear regression analysis is a major topic in this research work, therefore, using this mathematical formula is possible to apply the methods studied in individuals with Down syndrome.…”

Estimativa de idade através dos estágios de mineralização dentária em indivíduos portadores do HIV

“…Uma das solicitações para perícias de estimativa de idade ocorre nos processos de adoção. Nos dias atuais, pode-se, ainda, acrescentar os casos de ausência de registro civil, fato comum no JACOBSON et al, 2005;MORA et al, 2001;MORA et al, 2004;ROJO CONEJO et al, 2004), manifestações bucais características, como candidíase oral, gengivite, hipertrofia de parótidas (COSTA et al, 1998;DEL TORO et al, 1996), índices peculiares de prevalência de cárie (CASTRO et al, 2001;VALDEZ;ATKINSON, 1994), atraso na erupção tanto de dentes decíduos, quanto de permanentes (DEL TORO et al, 1996) e atraso no desenvolvimento dentário (HOLDERBAUM et al, 2005).…”

“…O atraso da idade dentária em relação à idade cronológica também foi encontrado por Holderbaum et al (2005) DEMIRJIAN et al, 1985), inclusive para indivíduos portadores do HIV.…”

“…Del Toro et al (1998) e Costa et al (1996) observaram atrasos na erupção dentária, e Valdez, Pizzo e Atkinson (1994) relataram atraso no desenvolvimento dentário de crianças soropositivas, algumas vezes vinculado a atrasos no desenvolvimento ósseo (HOLDERBAUM et al, 2005).…”

Avaliação cefalométrica da morfologia craniofacial em crianças e adolescentes HIV positivos

“…No entanto, contabilizam-se alguns trabalhos que apontam para o atraso na erupção dentária e na mineralização dos dentes de crianças HIV+, enfatizando que tanto os efeitos secundários do vírus como os adversos das medicações poderiam ser responsabilizados (Valdez et al, 1994;Hauk et al, 2001;Trigueiro et al, 2010) e que, algumas vezes, poderiam ser vinculados a atrasos no desenvolvimento ósseo (Holderbaum et al, 2005).…”