Germinação e expressão morfológica de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Pilosocereus pachycladus Ritter

Abstract

Resumo -Objetivou-se apresentar resultados sobre a morfologia de frutos, sementes, bem como a germinação e a descrição de estádios de crescimento das plântulas de Pilosocereus pachycladus. As sementes utilizadas foram obtidas de frutos colhidos na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, em Pentecoste -CE. Foram utilizados 10 frutos para realização das determinações biométricas e morfológicas. Para a descrição da morfologia das sementes consideraram-se os aspectos externos e internos. Foram testadas duas condições de luminosidade (fotoperíodo de 12 horas e escuro completo) e três temperaturas (25; 30 e 20-30 ºC) dispostas num arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, no modelo inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes cada. Efetuaram-se contagens diárias até o 16° dia após a semeadura para avaliar: porcentagem e índice de velocidade de germinação. Para a descrição e ilustração da morfologia externa da plântula, foi realizada a semeadura de 200 sementes em bandeja de polietileno. Avaliaramse os processos de germinação e crescimento das plântulas de facheiro durante um período de 150 dias, sendo caracterizados oito estádios de desenvolvimento, que foram baseados nas diferenças morfológicas observadas. Conclui-se que o fruto apresenta comprimento de 38,13 mm, espessura de 50,53 mm e 3786 sementes. As sementes de facheiro comportam-se como fotoblástica positivas e as temperaturas constantes de 25 e 30 ºC proporcionaram as maiores porcentagens e velocidades de germinação. Após 150 dias da semeadura a planta encontra-se com epicótilo em crescimento, com presença de grande quantidade de espinhos, e com 94,31 mm de comprimento.Palavras-chave -Cactaceae. Facheiro. Caracterização morfológica. Crescimento.Abstract -It was aimed to present the results on the germination, morphology of fruits, seeds and description of stages of plant growth of Pilosocereus pachycladus. The seeds were obtained from fruits harvested at the Curu Valley Experimental Farm, in Pentecoste -CE. Ten fruits were used to the realization of the biometric and morphological determinations. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. Two light conditions (12 hours photoperiod and total darkness) and three temperatures (25; 30 and 20-30 °C) were tested in a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. Counts were done daily until the 16 th day after sowing and to evaluated: the percentage and velocity index of germination. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. For description and illustration of the external morphology of germination and seedling, were sowed 200 seeds in a polyethylene tray. The processes of germination and seedling growth were evaluated during 150 days and eight stages of development were characterized and those were based on morphological differences observed. It was concluded that, the fruit measures 38.13 mm of length, 50.53 mm of thickness and 3786 seeds. The ...

Germination and morphology of fruits, seeds and plants of Cereus jamacaru DC

“…A similar germination behavior was observed for Pilosocereus pachycladus seeds, where constant 25 and 30 °C temperatures provided the best results in terms of percentage and germination speed (Abud et al, 2010). Melocactus bahiensis seeds showed similar germination behavior where the temperature of 25 °C also resulted in higher percentages and germination speed index (Lone et al, 2007).…”

“…The aspects of germination and morphological characterization of fruits, seeds and seedlings, in cacti, particularly of native species in Brazil are scarce in the literature. However, several species of cacti have been characterized regarding their morphological, physiological and ecophysiological aspects, such as in: Stenocereus stellatus (Rojas-Aréchiga et al, 2001); Stenocereus queretaroensis (Barrera and Nobel, 2003); Stenocereus queretaroensis (Loza-Cornejo et al, 2003); Hylocereus setaceus (Simão et al, 2007); Denmoza rhodacantha (Méndez, 2007); Melocactus bahiensis (Lone et al, 2007); Trichocereus terscheckii (Ortega-Baes and Rojas-Aréchiga, 2007); Hylocereus undatus (Andrade et al, 2008); Pilosocereus pachycladus (Abud et al, 2010); Pilosocereus gounellei (Abud et al, 2012); Cereus jamacaru (Alencar et al, 2012a;2012b), among other works.…”

Seed vigor and germination of facheiro plants (Pilosocereus catingicola (Gurke) Byles & Rowley Subsp. Salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae) at different temperatures

“…The fruit from the municipality of Bananeiras presented larger weight, length, and width, which can be connected to the high precipitation of Bananeiras, (Figure 2). Abud et al (2010), studying fruit of Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter, observed fruit with the width of 50.53 ± 5.01 and a length of 38.13 ± 4.52. The fruit widths from Arara, Bananeiras, and Boa Vista were smaller than those studied by Abud et al (2010), featuring larger standard deviations.…”

“…Abud et al (2010), studying fruit of Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter, observed fruit with the width of 50.53 ± 5.01 and a length of 38.13 ± 4.52. The fruit widths from Arara, Bananeiras, and Boa Vista were smaller than those studied by Abud et al (2010), featuring larger standard deviations. The fruit from Boa Vista presented the lowest standard deviations for all variables.…”

“…In sexual propagation, seedlings grow slowly, but they can be produced in great quantity. The seeds provide genetic variations and several desirable morphological characteristics (ABUD et al, 2010).…”