An experimental verification of Newton's second law

Hessel, Roberto; Canola, Saulo Ricardo; Vollet, Dimas R.

doi:10.1590/s1806-11172013000200024

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The total mass M in this case was M = 0.605 kg. The same data along with the linear fit ( 5 calculated using (2). The large deviation from the real value is due to the frictionless model as it is discussed below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Equation (2) shows that the acceleration is proportional to the driving force or, in other words, to m 2 , and inversely proportional to the total mass M. Accordingly, two series of experiments were performed to experimentally verify Newton's second law. To prove that the acceleration is proportional to the external force applied to the system, in the 1st series small weights were consecutively removed from m 1 and added to m 2 , so M was kept constant while m 2 changed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…measure the time intervals between different positions of the moving body, but they are bulky and often the most expensive part of the equipment. Therefore, a typical experiment with photogates includes only one or two [1,2], although there are exceptions [1]. A method using the so-called 'ladder of light' was proposed [3], which is equivalent to several photogates because the instants in which light is interrupted at specific locations of the glider are recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precise measurements in mechanics using a moving light source and a smartphone

Goev¹,

Velinov²

2022

Phys. Educ.

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In this paper, we propose a simple yet generic and versatile method to measure the position of a moving body as a function of time. Apart from very basic equipment such as carts and wheels, only a laser pointer or a similar device and a smartphone are necessary. By attaching a source of light to a cart and video filming its movement on a horizontal plane under the gravitational force, the position of the cart as a function of time can be recorded without any calibration and using one of the many free apps. The obtained results for the cart acceleration under a constant force were in very good agreement with Newton’s second law. The inexpensive equipment and the possibility of taking data at very short intervals allow different experiments in mechanics to be performed, for example to demonstrate the conservation of energy and momentum in mechanics or to investigate complex movements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precise measurements in mechanics using a moving light source and a smartphone

Goev¹,

Velinov²

2022

Phys. Educ.

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“…The robustness of the method proposed here makes it a benchmark, in the lab context, to other measurement techniques, such as the one using the photogate coupled to a pulley to get acceleration from the displacement curve as a function of time. It can also be applied to the class of experiments in which a cart slides on the air track (inclined or horizontal) subject to a tension force of a string tied to a pending mass, in the experiments performed to verify the Newton's second law [15]. Note that this acceleration measure can also be applied to experiments without the presence of the air track, as in the measurement of the free-fall acceleration with an Atwood machine [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing acceleration measurements using a single photogate

2021

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Measuring the acceleration of a glider on a slightly inclined air track is a typical activity in different experiments in didactic physics laboratories. In this paper, we discuss acceleration measurements derived directly from the quantity Δv/Δt, testing its reproducibility with several time sensors (photogates). Using a standard lab equipment we show that acceleration measurements using two photogates strongly depend on the photogates used and even on the distance between them, what can frustrate the goals of the experiment. The technical aspects behind that unexpected behavior can be partially overcome by working with a single photogate in a method where the glider is launched uphill and its speed is measured in the ascending and the descending motion. Using this alternative approach we were able to reduce discrepancies by a factor of 6, down to less than 1%. For both methods, the systematic errors between photogates surpass the statistical uncertainties for each photogate. Finally, we show that these discrepancies can be explained by an offset of the order of 1 ms in time measurements.

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“…vdt, onde ∆t = t 2 − t 1 , e expandindo o integrando numa série de Taylor em torno de t =t, e possível mostrar que [14]…”

Section: Pelo Gráfico V Versus T Obtido a Partir Dev Versus Tunclassified

Uso de um compressor de ar para aquário como marcador de tempo em experimentos de cinemática

Hessel

Riboldi

Yoshida

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

Self Cite

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Neste trabalho, mostramos como construir um marcador de tempo similar àquele adotado pelo PSSC (Physical Science Study Committee) utilizando um compressor de ar para aquário e uma caneta hidrográfica. Em seguida, mostramos, também, como esse marcador pode ser utilizado tanto para registrar o movimento de um objeto a partir de pontos impressos sobre uma fita de papel presa ao objeto, como para medir intervalos de tempo com auxílio de técnicas eletrônicas para iniciar/interromper automaticamente seu funcionamento. Os experimentos sugeridos para ilustrar possíveis aplicações do dispositivo proposto permitem estudar não só as relações entre deslocamento, velocidade e tempo associadas a um movimento uniformemente variado, como também questões relacionadas com a dinâmica de translação e rotação.

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An experimental verification of Newton's second law

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Precise measurements in mechanics using a moving light source and a smartphone

Precise measurements in mechanics using a moving light source and a smartphone

Optimizing acceleration measurements using a single photogate

Uso de um compressor de ar para aquário como marcador de tempo em experimentos de cinemática

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