Anesthetic activity of Brazilian native plants in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Abstract

There is an increasing demand for inexpensive and safe anesthetics that can reduce fish stress caused by some procedures such as capture and handling. In this context, the present study evaluated the potential of essential oils (EO) of three Brazilian native plants (Hesperozygis ringens, Lippia sidoides and Ocotea acutifolia) as anesthetics for the silver catfish - Rhamdia quelen. Moreover, an analysis was made of the chemical composition of these oils and their influence on stress parameter. EO of H. ringens and O. acutifolia were effective as anesthetics, without behavioral side effects. EO of O. acutifolia (150 µL L-1) promoted an increase in blood glucose level. Regarding to the composition, pulegone accounts for 96.63% of the EO of H. ringens, and caryophyllene oxide amounts to 56.90% of the EO of O. acutifolia. Two chemotypes, thymol and carvacrol (68.40% and 67.89%, respectively) were verified for EO of L. sidoides. Both samples of EO of L. sidoides showed anesthetic activity in silver catfish, but exposure also caused loss of mucus and mortality. Thus, only the EO of H. ringens and O. acutifolia are advised for anesthetic use

Basil, tea tree and clove essential oils as analgesics and anaesthetics in Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830)

“…Thus, for these reasons, there is a growing demand for low-cost anaesthetic products that are easy to obtain and offer security to the animals, to the handlers and to the environment. Some essential oils (EO) derived from plants have been shown to be a viable alternative to reduce stress during fish capture and handling (Silva et al, 2013). Different oils have been used to anaesthetize fish, such as Eugenia caryophyllata (Weber et al, 2009;Pawar et al, 2011), Cinnamomum camphora, Mentha arvensis (Pedrazzani and Ostrensky, 2014), Melaleuca alternifolia (Hajek, 2011), Ocimum gratissimum (Benovit et al, 2012), Hesperozygis ringens and Ocotea acutifolia (Silva et al, 2013).…”

Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

“…Recovery of H. geographicus within 30min was not obtained after anesthesia with 200µL L -1 EOLO. Silver catfish anesthetized with EO of L. sidoides also did not recover normal behavior within 30min at most concentrations tested, and this EO causes mucous loss and mortality (SILVA et al, 2013). These side effects of EOLO were not observed in H. geographicus, probably because the percentage of carvacrol was lower (41.7%) in EOLO.…”

“…There are no studies of anesthesia with EOLO, but the EO of the carvacrol chemotype of Lippia sidoides, which contains 68% carvacrol, the main compound of EOLO, can anesthetize silver catfish (SILVA et al, 2013). Recovery of H. geographicus within 30min was not obtained after anesthesia with 200µL L -1 EOLO.…”

“…The EOs were extracted from fresh leaves of the plants by hydrodistillation for 2h using a Clevenger-type apparatus (EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA, 2007) and stored at -4ºC in amber glass bottles until composition analysis. The analysis was performed using a gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890) coupled to a mass-selective detector (Agilent 5973) using an HP5-MS column (5% phenyl, 95% methylsiloxane, 30m × 0.25mm inner diameter × 0.25mm) as described by SILVA et al (2013). The constituents of the EOs were identified by comparison of the Kovats retention index and mass spectra with a mass spectral library (NIST, 2014) and literature data (ADAMS, 2001).…”

“…Essential oils (EOs) extracted from plants have been gaining interest as potential sedatives and/or anesthetics for aquatic animals (SILVA et al, 2013;TONI et al, 2015). However, there are no studies regarding the effects of EOs on amphibians, and the anesthetic effects produced by EOs can vary depending on their chemical composition and animal species exposed (CUNHA et al, 2010;PARODI et al, 2012;TONI et al, 2015).…”