Spectrolebias brousseaui (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae), a new annual fish from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia

Abstract

Spectrolebias brousseaui is described from a temporary pool from the upper río Mamoré basin, Departamento Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, by the overall dark blue coloration on the posterior two-thirds of body with bright blue iridescent spots vertically aligned in males. Spectrolebias brousseaui differs from all other species of the genus, except S. filamentosus, for having pelvic fins separated by a space (vs. pelvic fins in contact), long filaments at the tip of the dorsal and anal fins in males (vs. absence of filaments or presence only on dorsal fin in S. semiocellatus and S. inaequipinnatus, or the presence on the anal fin in S. chacoensis), and presence of contact organs on the scales of the flanks in males (vs. absence of contact organs on flanks in all remaining Spectrolebias species).Spectrolebias brousseaui é descrita de uma poça temporária localizada na região superior da bacia do río Mamoré, departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolívia. A espécie nova distingue-se de todos os congêneres pelo padrão de cor azul escuro nos dois terços posteriores do corpo com pontos azuis claros iridescentes alinhados verticalmente em machos. Spectrolebias brousseaui difere das outras espécies do gênero, exceto S. filamentosus, por ter as nadadeiras pélvicas separadas por um espaço (vs. nadadeira pélvicas juntas), longos filamentos nas extremidades das nadadeiras dorsal e anal em machos (vs. ausência de filamentos ou a presença apenas na nadadeira dorsal em S. semiocellatus e S. inaequipinnatus, ou pela presença de filamentos na nadadeira anal em S. chacoensis), e presença de órgão de contato nas escamas do flanco em machos (vs. ausência).

Seasonal dynamics in community structure, abundance, body size and sex ratio in two species of Neotropical annual fishes

“…Austrolebias Costa 1998 (Cynolebiasini tribe) is the largest genus of Neotropical annual killifishes, with 43 species currently recognized (Costa, ; Volcan et al , ; Nielsen & Pillet, ). Most species are associated with grasslands in lowland floodplain habitats in Laguna dos Patos‐Mirim and lowland floodplains of Uruguayan river drainages (Costa, ; García et al , ), though at least three species occur on highland plateaus at 600–800 m a.s.l.…”

“…Most species are associated with grasslands in lowland floodplain habitats in Laguna dos Patos‐Mirim and lowland floodplains of Uruguayan river drainages (Costa, ; García et al , ), though at least three species occur on highland plateaus at 600–800 m a.s.l. (Costa, ) and a single species is recorded from the Amazon basin in Bolivia (Nielsen & Pillet, ). All Austrolebias are annual species (Costa, ).…”

Floodplain fish communities in river systems in Bolivia: Current knowledge and addressing future research challenges

“…Some fish belonging to the Rivulidae family are known for their seasonal life history (Hablützel 2012). They have an annual life history living in temporary habitats and resisting desiccation by laying their eggs on the substratum (Nielsen 2013). Furthermore, some species, such as the economically important, Colossoma macropomum require a suite of habitat types for different life stages making them potentially susceptible to the impacts of habitat fragmentation and alteration (Pouilly et al 2004b, Junk et al 2007, Aldea-Guevara et al 2013.…”

Contrasting morphology with population genetics approach: An insight to revision of the Neotropical annual fish “Austrolebias robustus” species group based on a taxonomic integrative framework

“…Cynolebiini are seasonal fishes, always inhabiting temporary pools formed during rainy seasons that disappear at each dry season (Costa, ; Costa et al., ; Myers, ). One of the most diverse clades of this tribe is the genus Austrolebias with over 48 valid species (Costa et al., ; Nielsen & Pillet, ) occurring in a broad South American region, encompassing a recent record, A. accorsii (Nielsen & Pillet, ) from the Amazon Basin (in Bolivia) to the outlet of the Paraná River, the Uruguay River basin, Atlantic Ocean tributaries in northeast Argentina and southeast Uruguay, and the Patos‐Merin drainage system (Loureiro & Sá, ). In fact, spectacular species radiation has been reported for Austrolebias from the Pampas (Costa, ; Costa et al., ), where high morphological diversity was described among Austrolebias species groups (Loureiro & de Sá, ).…”

“…Cynolebiini are seasonal fishes, always inhabiting temporary pools formed during rainy seasons that disappear at each dry season (Costa, 2002;Costa et al, 2017;Myers, 1942). One of the most diverse clades of this tribe is the genus Austrolebias with over 48 valid species (Costa et al, 2017;Nielsen & Pillet, 2015) occurring in a broad South American region, encompassing a recent record, A.…”